i8o THE PLANT WORLD. 



long in the snow, cold and wind. Summer seemed indeed to have 

 come with a bound and spring was scarcely recognized, so cut off on 

 both sides, first by the chilling blasts of winter, then by the prolonged 

 beams of the brilliant northern sun. At most she could scarcely 

 claim more than the last two or three weeks of May, in which time the 

 ice all went out of the lakes, many birds arrived from the south, in- 

 cluding swallows, robins, bluebirds, warblers, three or four species 

 of sparrows, blackbirds, flickers and various water birds. Butterflies, 

 mosquitoes and chipmunks came out also, and frogs, in voices wholly 

 new to me, were croaking in the ponds. From the time of our leaving 

 Lindeman on for the next three months I think I may say that I never 

 saw finer weather for camping out. 



We stopped between Lindeman and Bennett up to the 6th of the 

 month, packing our goods around by the trail, something over a mile, 

 and running the boats through the rapids between the lakes nearly 

 empty, these rapids being the worst to steer through of any on the 

 river with any safety to loaded boats. Many boats pass from one lake 

 to the other without unloading, but they are let down by ropes and 

 snubbing posts from both sides of the river, the operation requiring 

 a dozen or so men to each boat. This locality, although only six miles 

 down from our last camp, had vegetation considerably more advanced 

 than at that point. June 2 I found a Lupine, near L. plattensis, in full 

 bloom, also a Ribcs. A fern had shot up to a height of some 5 or 6 

 inches, and a small Eqiiisetiiin was in good fruit. In the next day or 

 two I observed Kalmia glanca, J^io/a blanda and another violet, blue, 

 almost without spur and with somewhat roundish leaves; also Pole- 

 vioiiiuin and one or two others, in bloom. In mosses quite a number 

 of species were collected or observed. From Lake Bennett on we 

 made few stops of any length before reaching Dawson. At Lake 

 Marsh we were kept in camp longest by strong head-winds. Here I 

 noticed SJicplicrdia Canadensis abundant; also roses in bloom, R. sayi, 

 I think. So far as I know, this species can always be determined, 

 when well developed, by the color of the lower stem, which is a pure 

 olive-green. Small, stunted specimens and the upper branches, how- 

 ever, are reddish. Other species noticed in flower were Oxytropis de- 

 flexa; a grass, Calamagrostis, which was common; also a sedge, possi- 

 bly Carex saxatilis. The common trees about were spruce, trembling 

 aspen and cottonwood, with occasional groves of Piniis contorta. 



We reached Miles Canyon on the nth. Here I found Artemisia 

 frigida, trailing cedar and juniper common. The following were in 

 bloom: A J^ibjirnitm, an Auuianchier, about 18 inches high; Seduui 

 stenopctaliLin, strawberries, Pentstemon confertus, var. (?), Astragalus 

 aborigenus and some few others. Several miles below the canyon I 

 obtained a fine species of Eriophortiin, a rather slender plant with sin- 



