278 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



Fifteen specimens, 75-100 mm. Mud-flats below Wismar. (C. M. Cat. No. 

 1941a-e; I. U. Cat, No. 12197.) 



Nineteen specimens, 57-85 mm. Lama Stop-Off. (C. M. Cat. No. 1924a-e; 

 I. U. Cat. No. 12198.) 



Two specimens, 69-72 mm. Cluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1943a; I. U. 

 Cat. No. 12199.) 



Thirteen specimens, 65-200 mm. Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. 1944a-c; 

 I. U. Cat. No. 12201.) 



Head 4-4.25; depth 3.5-4.5; D. 11 or 12; A. 11; scales 11 to 13-55 to 64-5. 

 Eye 1 in snout, 3.25 in head, 1.1 in interorbital, with little difference in different 

 sizes. 



Resembling the Cisco of American lakes. Somewhat compressed, the dorsal 

 and ventral profiles equally arched; the ventral surface broad, with a large median 

 series of scales before the ventrals; predorsal area keeled, with a median series of 

 scales from the dorsal to near the occipital process. Occipital process reaching 

 one-seventh the distance to the dorsal; frontal fontanel reaching to above the nares. 



Upper jaw considerably projecting; twenty-eight to thirty teeth in the upper 

 jaw. Gill-rakers twenty-six to forty-eight, the longest about one-sixth the length of 

 the eye. 



Dorsal pointed, about equal to the length of the head, its origin equidistant from 

 tip of snout and tip of adipose; caudal deeply forked; anal emarginate, the highest 

 ray not reaching the tip of the last; ventrals not reaching anus by about four 

 scales; pectorals not to ventrals by about four scales. 



Scales with many vermiculated horizontal striae; lateral line straight; fins 

 naked, a large axillary scale; exposed edge of the scales of the middle series on the 

 breast four times as wide as the exposed edge of the scales below the dorsal, the 

 scales becoming larger on the second series of scales below the lateral line. 



Highly iridescent, coppery below, steel-blue above; each caudal lobe with a 

 black band, the lower one more intense; a circular or oval lateral spot the center 

 of which is over the thirtieth to thirty-third scale; under the lens the caudal 

 peduncle, a downward band in front of dorsal, and the anal are sometimes peppered. 



Subfamily Pyrrhulinin^e. 



Pyrrhulina Cuvier and Valenciennes. 



Pyrrhulina Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat, Poiss., XIX, 1846, 535, 



pi. 589. 

 Holotaxis Cope, Proc, Am. Philos. Soc, XI, 1870, 563. 



