294 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



Subfamily Anostomatin^e. 



Anostomus Gronow. 



Anostomus Gronow, Mus. Ichth., II, 1754, 13, pi. 7, fig. 2. — Scopoli, Intr. Hist. 



Nat., 1777. 

 Pithecocharax Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, 320. 

 Type, Salmo anostomus Linnaeus. 



Small to medium-sized fishes, with the snout subcircular in cross-section; the 

 mouth minute, vertical; the lips thick, plicate; about eight teeth in each jaw, bifid 

 or multilobed incisors; the gill-membrane united with the isthmus. 



Key to the Guiana Species of Anostomus. 

 a. Dark brown, with two conspicuous light bands: one from mouth along upper margin of eye to upper caudal 

 lobe, one along lower margin of eye to lower caudal lobe; a fainter band from the nape to behind the 

 dorsal on either side of the median line, a similar one from below pectoral to anal, and another along 



the midventral line. Brilliant in life anostomus. 



aa. Sides with spots. 



b. A black spot below the dorsal, and another at the base of the middle caudal rays, sometimes another 

 on the fourth scale of the lateral line; each scale of the lower part of the sides with a median dark 

 brown streak. Backs of small, light-colored individuals with about fifteen wavy cross-bands, 

 wluch may be obscured. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than to base of caudal; preorbital and 



postorbital portion of head about equal trimaculatus. 



bb. Spots as under b, an additional one above anterior part of anal; cross-bands broader; scales of the 

 upper part of the sides with an iridescent spot. Origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout 

 and base of middle caudal rays. Snout longer than postorbital portion of head plicatus. 



152. Anostomus anostomus (Linnseus). (Plates XL and XLI, fig. 1.) 



Anostomus Gronow, Mus. Ichth., II, 1754, 13, pi. 7, fig. 2. 



Salmo anostomus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 312, No. 24; ed. 12, 1, 1866, 

 514.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat,, I, iii, 1788, 1387, No. 29. 



Leporinus anostomus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 1848, 38. 



Anostomus anostomus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 

 1891, 50. — Eigenmann, Repts. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia. Ill, 1910, 

 425. 



Anostomus salmoneus Gronow, Cat. Fish, ed. Gray, 1854, 153. — Gunther, Cata- 

 logue, V, 1864, 303 (Essequibo). — ? Steindachner, "Flussfische Stida- 

 merika's," ii, 1881, 40 (Jutahy).— Garman, Bull. Essex Inst,, XXII, 1890, 17. 

 Nine specimens, 55-94 mm. Crab Falls. (C. M. Cat, No. 1852a-6; I. U. 



Cat, No. 12140.) 



Eight specimens, 64-95 mm. Tumatumari, above and below the fall. (C. M. 



Cat, No. 1853a-6; I. U. Cat. No. 12141.) 



