374 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



those farther out conical. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus and from each 

 other; gill-rakers about 7 + 11. 



Scales of the back and sides large, with membranous border; each scale with 

 a few large, and a multitude of minute, reticulating lines; a well-developed axillary 

 scale; fins naked. 



Origin of dorsal equidistant from eye and caudal, its height about 5.5 in the 

 length; caudal broadly lobed, the lobes about 4 in the length; adipose fin small; 

 anal short, emarginate, its lobe oblique, the longest ray usually extending beyond the 

 tip of the last. Ventrals reaching about half-way to middle of anal, pectorals three- 

 fourths to ventrals. 



Iridescent, plumbeous above; caudal and adipose deep maroon; dorsal rays 

 similar, the membranes lighter; middle of ventral and pectorals maroon; lower 

 parts yellowish-white, a maroon streak from above anal to above pectorals. 



Subfamily Stethaprionin^e. 

 Fowlerina Eigenmann. 

 Fowlerina Eigenmann, Am. Nat., XVI, 1882, 772. 

 Type, Tetragonopterus compressus Giinther. 



Predorsal spine scale-like, concave below, fitting into a notch in the back in 

 front of the dorsal fin. Caudal scaled; anal long, with one row of scales. Scales 

 34-36; preventral region with a median series of scales, none spinous. 



229. Fowlerina orbicularis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (Plate XLVI, fig. 2.) 



Tetragonopterus orbicularis Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 

 1848, 138 (Essequibo; Amazon). — Castelnau, Anim. Am. Sud, Poiss., 1855, 

 65, pi. 32, fig. 3 (Amazon). — Kner, "Familie der Characinen," i, 1859, 38 

 (Villa Maria).— Gunther, Catalogue, V, 1864, 320; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 (5), VI, 1880, 12 (La Plata). — Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., XIV, 1891, 52.— Ulrey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895, 276.- 

 Vaillant, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., V, 1899, 155 (Carnot). 



Fowlerina orbicularis Eigenmann, Repts. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, III, 

 1910, 441. 



Tetragonopterus compressus Gunther, Catalogue, V, 1864, 319 (Essequibo; Suri- 

 nam, Maranon). 



Brachychalcinus retrospina (in part) Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 

 X, 1892, 12 (Santa Cruz). 



Fowlerina paraguayensis Eigenmann, Ann. Carnegie Mus., IV, 1907, 153. 



