420 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



spots; a subcircular opercular spot; three dark lines radiating from the eye; 

 usually a broad conspicuous black band on the middle of the sides, the areas above 

 and below it marbled. Caudal usually uniform, the lateral band sometimes con- 

 tinued on it, and the rays above and below it spotted; posterior part of anal and 

 especially the dorsal profusely spotted. 



In some of the specimens from Twoca Pan the lateral band is obscure, and the 

 sides have vertical markings approaching those of Erythrinus. In living specimens 

 at Holmia the edges of the pectorals, ventrals, and anal were carmine red, and a 

 streak from the pectoral to the anal orange. 



The specimens from Georgetown, taken the middle of August, were breeding. 

 The black band is very obscure or absent in these; the bases of the fins are dark. 



The anal fin in the breeding males is swollen; the pocket formed by the base 



of the last anal raj' and the sheath of the fin is prominent; a row of scales from the 



base of this pocket to the second scale above the origin of the anal have the margin 



deeply incised and covered with a roll of thick skin, which is thence continued 



down to the anus. 



Erythrinus Gronow. 



Erythrinus Gronow, Zoophyl., 1763, 114 (based on Cyprinus cylindricus Linnaeus 

 = C. cephalus Linnaeus, part, = salmoneus). — Muller, Arch. f. Anat., Phys., 

 und Wiss. Med., 1842, 308 (sp.). — Muller and Troschel, Horse Ichth., I, 

 1845, 5 (sp.). — GtiNTHER, Catalogue, V, 1864, 283 (unitamiatus, gronovii). 

 Heter erythrinus Gunther, Catalogue, V, 1864, 283 (salmoneus). 



Type, Cyprinus cylindricus Linnaeus = Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch and 

 Schneider). 



No occipital crest, no fontanel, no adipose fin; caudal rounded; anterior nares 

 tubular, marginal; gill-membranes free, the openings wide; walls of the anterior 

 portion of the posterior air-bladder cellular. Palatine teeth all villiform, in a 

 single patch on the sides of the palate. Maxillary with pectinate teeth only, no 

 canines. Dentary with short conical teeth; two canines near the symphysis, the 

 outer of which is the larger; no lateral canines. All the teeth blunt. Dentary 

 process joined for its whole length to the dentiferous ridge. Premaxillary without 

 a pit. Snout decurved, rounded. Supratemporal plate double. Pterygoids with- 

 out teeth. 



269. Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch and Schneider). 



"Waioma" (of the Indians at Holmia). 

 Cyprinus cylindricus Linnaeus, Mus. Adolphi Fred., 1754, 77, pi. 30. 

 Cyprinus cephalus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. I, 1758, 322; ed. 12, I, 1766, 527, 

 part. 



