72 A Guide to the Zoological Collections 



the number of phosphorescent organs is enormous : 

 in Chauliodus the teeth are of the most cruel size and 

 form. 



Family VII. Stomiatidce [Case 71]. 



These are also oceanic fishes, living in darkness at 

 considerable depths, but furnished with phosphorescent 

 organs, and having teeth of astonishing size and sharp- 

 ness. They are easily distinguished by having a barbel 

 attached to the hyoid bone, and this barbel may either 

 hang down free, or may be attached to the inside of the 

 chin. The Indian genera are three in number, namely, 

 Stomias, Malacosteus, and P/iotostomzas, all of which also 

 occur in the Atlantic, Stomias being also found in the 

 Mediterranean. 



Photostomias and Malacosteus are perhaps, for their 

 size, the most rapacious-looking fish of these seas : 

 their mouth is so enormous that it forms one great cleft 

 with the gill-openings, and almost separates the head 

 from the body : the fangs are large and peculiarly sharp, 

 and the lower jaw looks more like a hideous spring rat- 

 trap than a jaw. 



Family VIII. Clupeidce [Cases 68-69]. 



The Herrings are a large family and are of the great- 

 est use to Man. They live in shoals, generally near 

 shores and estuaries ; some, such as the Hilsa, enter 

 rivers, and a few live entirely in fresh water. The 

 Indian genera Clupea (Herring) and Eugraulis (Anchovy) 

 have a wide distribution in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 

 and also occur in the Mediterranean. The Indian genera 

 Pellona, Opisthopterus, Raconda, Chaloessus, Spratel- 

 loidcs, Albula, Plops, Megalops all occur in the Atlantic : 

 so that out of 14 genera of Clupeido: that are represented 



