46 Food of Fishes of Winona Lake 



may have an adequate supply of food. The natural environment and the 

 food fish naturally eat should furnish an index to the requirements to be met. 

 Many studies have been made in regard to natural environment. Birge ('97) 

 gives us a clue as to the environment of some of the fish foods, especially 

 the foods of young fish. Quoting from his paper, "The bottom of the warm 

 water forms the lower limit of the plankton life and this life closely follows 

 that limit as the warm water gradually increases in thickness during the 

 summer and early autumn — in late August and September." 



Parker ('01) believes the scarcity of fish, now where once they were 

 plentiful, is due largely to lowering of water line so that plants are killed. 

 He advocates sowing seeds and producing plants on which the fish food may 

 live. 



Bartlett ('08) points out that "not enough care is used by those making 

 the attempt to cultivate bass in small ponds to get a proper balance in the 

 ponds in the way of good producing facilities." 



It is evident that the environment is a great factor in determining the 

 food of fishes. The fish may or may not be able to subsist on the food fur- 

 nished by the environment because they must have a variety of foods suitable 

 to the different periods of the fish's development. 



In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Will Scott who has 

 aided me in many ways with advice and suggestions. I also wish to express 

 my appreciation to Mr. Ira T. Wilson for identifying the snails and to Mr. 

 Lowell T. Coggeshall and Mr. John E. Owen who so very kindly assisted me 

 in making the collections. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Barret, W. W. Fish culture in North Dakota. Trans. Am. Fish. Society, 



pp. 62-64, 1899. 

 Birge, E. A. Vertical distribution of the lower plants and animals in inland 



lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Society, pp. 25-44, 1897. 

 Bower, Seymour. The propagation of small mouth black bass. Trans. Am. 



Fish. Society, pp. 127-136, 1896. 

 Bartlett, S. P. Value of carp as furnishing food for black bass. Trans. Am. 



Fish. Society, pp. 85-91, 1918. 

 Carter, E. N. An experiment on feeding young, large mouth bass. Trans. 



Am. Fish. Society. 

 Embody, G. C. Fish meal as a food for trout. Trans. Am. Fish. Society, 



1918. 

 Forbes, S. A. On the food relations of fresh water fishes. A summary and 

 discussion. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, pp. 475-538, 1888. 

 The food of the smaller fresh water fishes. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. 

 Hist., vol. 1, pp. 65-94, 1883. 



The food of fishes. Acanthopteri. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. 1, pp. 19-79, 1889. 



On the food of young fishes. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 

 pp. 71-85. 



The food of fresh water fishes. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 

 11, or Trans. Am. Fish. Society, 1888. 



Studies of the food of fresh water fishes. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. 

 Hist., vol. 11, pp. 433-473, 1888. 



