TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Report on Indian feesh-wateb fisheries ... 1 



Origin of .enquiry — Previous workers on the subject of Indian fishes — 

 Enquiries made in 18G7 — Where fresh-water fisheries exist. 



Rivers and their expansions .... 4 



Rivers of the Indian Empire— Hill rivers of India, some having Alpine 

 sources — Those destitute of Alpine sources— Rivers of the plains — 

 How these rivers shallow during the hot season until only a suc- 

 cession of pools exist, and here large fish have to remain until the 

 rains return — How some rivers have seasons of inundations, filling- 

 large lakes in the contiguous country — How lakes thus formed may 

 be isolated or connected ones. 



Irrigation works ...... 7 



Irrigation weirs or bunds — Underslukcs, either narrow or wide, the weirs 

 impassable to ascending fish — Narrow uudersluices — Wide under - 

 sluices — Fishunable to ascend over weirs — Irrigation canals — Simple 

 irrigation weirs — Irrigation and navigation canals. How fish are 

 carried into irrigating canals and perish there, due to a want of 

 water — Small rivers diverted for irrigation in Malabar — Mills 

 worked by water destructive to fish. 



Tanks useful as fisheries . . . '. .14 



Tanks used as fisheries — Jhils — How a natural protection may be afford- 

 ed to fish. 



The fishes of the fresh-waters . . . .15 



Fresh-water fish — Migratory and non-migratory species, some polygamous, 

 others monogamous — Breeding season — Spiny rayed Bshes, divisible 

 into purely fresh-water and partially marine forms — Physostomatous 

 order — Scaleless family, those of hills and plains — Their respira- 

 tion — Family of Scombresocidae and Cyprmodontida: — The carps, 

 loaches — Sand-grubbers true carps — Carps of the plains, migratory 

 or not so — Herring family, migratory or not so — Eels — Lophobran- 

 chiate fishes — Plectognathi — Cartilaginous fishes. 



Respiration of Indian Fishes .... 24 



Respiration of fishes — Water and compound breathers. 



^Estivation of fish ...... 28 



Migrations of fish ...... 29 



Breeding of fish ...... 31 



Breeding fish, migratory and non-migratory ones of the plains — Migra- 

 tory and non-migratory ones of the hills — Breeding of migratory 

 hill fishes — Non-migratory fish of the plains, some monogamous, 

 others polygamous — Migratory fresh-water fishes of the plains — 

 Migratory sea fishes. 



The fry of fresh-water fish .... 36 



Fry how destroyed instead of being protected, 



