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tarn them when erected. If, as already described, the Indian farmer diverts 

 the whole stream in places, " the option might be given him, ' either 

 you must leave a fair passage in the river for the fry, and put a grating 

 before your own artificial channel, or if you must needs have every drop 

 of water in the river run through your own fields, then you must leave 

 that passage unobstructed to the fry/ so that eventually, if possible, 

 they may rejoin the river by means of the waste water/'' Some fish spawn 

 below these dams, other young fish remain in the pools above, conse- 

 quently all are not destroyed, and stock pools, it is proposed, should be 

 conserved in ail these rivers. The fixed engines, in use in South Canara, 

 are closely- woven cruives termed ' Kuri/ which is a basket made on the 

 same principle as the mouse-trap, with narrowing entrances, and springy 

 bamboo spikes projecting inwards, preventing any exit, and from one to 

 twelve feet in length ; the smaller ones are placed in irrigated fields, the 

 larger ones in main runs. The ' Voddu' or c Woddu/ or fishing weir, is 

 like a large hurdle the full breadth of the river, a line of stakes being 

 driven in across a liver, split bamboos are interlaced, and the whole faced 

 with bushes, so that the stream passes, although all fish are stopped. Gaps 

 exist, and here cruives or ' kuris' of 10 or 12 feet in length are fixed. The 

 Coorgs annually place these Woddus at the heads of the Canara rivers to 

 intercept all the fish returning from spawning. The ' Kaudarf' is just 

 like a large kuri with the addition of an upper lip extended forwards 

 and upwards at an angle of 45 degrees. It is placed in a natural 

 run in the river, between boulders of rock, filling up the whole 

 passage, minor ways having been blocked up. The long protruding 

 lip ascends above, and prevents fish passing over the trap ; thus every 

 descending fish is captured, and twice daily it is examined. Where 

 there are no convenient rapids, they are artificially constructed in the 

 shallows, by placing long lines of stones in a V shape across the river, 

 the apex being fitted with a ' kandari.' The ' yepu' and ' baikuri' 

 are on the same principle, but better adapted to falls. The first is a 

 platform made of bamboo, somewhat bellied so as to hold the stream, 

 and propped up so as to lead ladder-wise from the top to the bottom 

 of the waterfall at an angle of 45°. The fall is thus broken, and con- 

 ducted with a rush into the baikuri, or wide-mouthed kuri, the con- 

 struction of the baikuri being very similar to that of an ordinary kuri, 

 and the rush and concentration of the water being heavy, fish once 

 down cannot re-ascend, but are quickly beaten to the bottom and 

 smothered by other fish. The yepu is a less elaborate adaptation of 

 this last contrivance to smaller falls. The ' kunjoF also is a rude sort 

 of kuri. If a few stock pools are reserved, and poisoning and the use 

 of fixed engines prohibited, a close time may be dispensed with. The size 

 of the mesh employed is from three-fourths of an inch in circumference 

 and upwards. Prohibiting the use of nets with meshes of less than four 

 inches in circumference is deprecated, on the ground that the smaller fish 

 having immunity from netting must disproportionately increase on the 

 larger netted sorts. [To show that this is not the case, I would refer to the 

 Sind fisheries, para. 47 ; and to those of the sparsely populated dis- 

 tricts in British Burma. The Thames fisheries are not analogous to those 

 of India, as in this last country the majority of the finny tribes, even the 

 most of the carps, are greedily carnivorous, but this is not the case in the 



