cclv 



moderately protractile. Opercle with two spines : pre-opercle wore or less 

 serrated: preorbital entire. Teeth villiform in jaws, vomer, and palatines, 

 and (in N. marginatus) tubercular on base of the tongue. A single dorsal 

 fin, the spinous portion being of slightly greater extent than the soft : 

 anal with three spines. Scales ctenoid and of moderate size. Lateral line 

 interrupted. Air-vessel large and simple. Pyloric appendages absent. 



25. Nandus marmoratus , Cuv. and Val. Gud-ha, llool-sa, and Mus- 

 soas-sah, Panj. : Mootaharce, Mai. : Septi, Tel. : Vaad-hul, Hind. : Latha 

 and Gud-ha, Beng. : Budusl, Ooriah : Nga-weh-ma, Burm. B. vi. D. 



12-14 3 



nrn$, A. TTg, L. 1. 46-57. No pseudobranchise. Throughout the fresh- 

 waters of India (Sind ?) and Burma, attaining 1 6 inches in length. 



26. Nandus marginatus, Jerdon. CIMlchi, Mai. B. vi. T>. \\, A. 

 L. 1. 25, L. tr. £. Pseudobrancliise present. Western Ghats, at- 



8 - 



taining 4 inches in length 



Genus — CatOPRA, Bleeker. 



Branchiostegals six : psendobranchice absent. Eyes lateral. Month 

 protractile. Opercle with two fiat spines : pre-opercle and pre-orbital ser- 

 rated. Teeth villiform on jaws, vomer, palatines and the tongue. A single 

 dorsal fin, the sphious portion being of slightly less extent than the soft : 

 anal with three spines. Scales ctenoid, of rather a large size. Lateral 

 line interrupted. Pyloric appendages two. 



27. Calopra nandloides, Bleeker. B. vi. D. — 1^_ . A.f, L. 1. 27 



1 ' 15-16, a ' f 



L. tr. % Caec. Pyl. 2. Greenish. Burmese rivers and ponds, to 8 inches 



in length. 



o 



Family — Labyrinthici, Cuv. 



Jnabantida, pt. ; Richardson; Spirobranchida, pt., Swainson; Osphro- 

 menoldei, Bleeker. 



Branchiostegals from four to six : pseudobranchise rudimentary or absent. Gills four. 

 Body compressed, oblong, or elevated. Eyes lateral. Gill-openings rather narrow ; 

 the membranes united below the isthmus. Above the third or upper portion of 

 the first branchial arch, exists a cavity in which is contained an elaborate apparatus 

 consisting of thin laminae of bone covered by a vascular mucous membrane, 

 and which is emploj'ed for respiratory purposes. Number of dorsal and anal 

 spines variable : ventrals thoracic. Scales ctenoid and of modeiate size. Lateral 

 line interrupted or absent. Air-vessel present or absent. Pyloric appendages few 

 or absent. 



Genus — Anabas, Cuvier. 



Branchiostegals six : pseudobranchiai absent. Branchial arches with 

 toothed tubercles. Mouth rather small. Opercles and pre-orbital serrated. 

 Teeth villiform injaios, and on the anterior and posterior extremity of the 

 vomer ; none on the palatines. Dorsal fin single, the spinous portion of greater 

 extent than the soft: anal spines numerous, less than those of the dorsal. 

 Scales rather large, ctenoid. Lateral line interrupted. Air-vessel bifid pos- 

 teriorly, with either extremity produced. Pyloric appendages few or absent. 



28. Anabas scandens, Dald. Climbing perch of Europeans. Uudee- 

 collee, Mai. : Pauni-eyri, Tamil : Col, Bengallee and Ooriah : Nga-byays- 



ma, Burm. : Kavaya or kaivhy-ya, Singalese. B. vi. D. -grnj, A. 



^_Yi, L. 1. 2S-32, L. tr. 5/9-10. Estuaries and fresh-waters of India and 



