HAH THI DIS PON 



Blue GrosbeaMM) P P P P 



( Guiraca caerulea ) 

 Indigo Bunting(W) P P P P P 



( Passerina cyanea ) 

 Painted Bunting(w) P P P P P 



( Passerina ciris ) 

 DickcisseKW) P P 



( Spiza americana ) 

 Pine Siskin(W) P P P P 



( Carduel's pinus ) 

 African Goldfmch(w> P P P P 



( Carduelis tnstis ) 

 Rufous-sided Towhee(R ) C P C C C 



( Pipilio erythrpphthalmus ) 

 Savannah Sparrow(W) C C C 



( Passerculus sandwichensis ) 

 Grasshopper Sparrow(W) P P P 



( Ammodramus savannarum ) 

 Sharp-tailed Sparrow(W) P P 



( Afftno sp 1 2 a caudocuta ) 

 Seaside Sparrow(W) P P 



( Ammospua maritima ) 

 Cape Sable Sparrow(R) U 



(Ammuspiza maritima) 

 Vesper Sparrow(H) P 



( Pooecetes qramineus ) 

 Chipping Sparrow(W) 



( Spizella passerina ) 

 field Sparrow(W) 



( Spizella pusilla ) 

 White-crowned Sparrow(W) P 



( Zonotrichia leucophrys ) 

 White-throated Sparrow(W) 



( Zonotrichia albicollis ) 

 Lincoln's Sparrow(W) P P P 



( Melospiza lincolnii ) 

 Swamp Sparrow(W) P P 



[ Melospiza qeorqiana ) 

 Song Sparrow(W) P P 



( Melospiza melodia ) 



Habitats are: MAR - marsh; PRA - prairies; CYP - cypress; HAM - hammock; 



OIS - disturbed; PON - pond; THI - thicket. 

 Status within each habitat shown by P - Present; C - Common; (J - Uncommon 

 Resident basis shown by (R) - year long resident; (mi) - winter resident; 



(S) - summer resident; (M) - migratory. 



distinct seasonality of the Ever- 

 glades marsh environment. These 

 authors speculate that this area is 

 perhaps best exploited by mobile 

 populations of wading birds, most of 

 which are also, and perhaps primari- 

 ly, estuarine. Consistent with this 

 view is the fact that the coastal 

 and estuarine avifauna is essential- 

 ly identical to the coastal and es- 

 tuarine avifaunas elsewhere in the 

 region. 



With regard to the impoverished 

 land breeding avifauna, Robertson 

 and Kushlan (1974) summarize the 

 prevailing sentiments as follows: 



"In our view, southern Florida 

 (and to a diminishing degree north- 

 ward, the entire southeast) exists 

 today as a sort of avifauna! vacuum, 

 the hiatus between a continental 

 land avifauna, withdrawing before an 

 unfavorable climatic trend and a 

 West Indian land avifauna delayed in 

 reaching vacant and suitable habitat 



by a sea barrier and perhaps also by 

 intrinsic qualities that make island 

 birds poor colonizers of mainland 

 areas " . 



Breeding land bird habitats in 

 the study area include pine forest 

 (Long Pine Key), broad leaved forest 

 (tree island hammocks) and forest 

 edge. In the pine forest habitat, 

 pine warbler, bobwhite, red-bellied 

 woodpecker, and mockingbird are the 

 most commonly reported breeders. 

 Cardinals, Carolina wrens, and red- 

 bellied woodpeckers are among the 

 more common breeders in broad leaved 

 forests. In the forest edge sur- 

 veys, cardinals, wrens, and red- 

 bellies are again common, along with 

 white-eyed vireo, great crested fly- 

 catchers, and bluejays. 



Breeding wading birds in the 

 study area include 11 species of 

 herons, 2 ibises, the roseate spoon- 

 bill, and the wood stork. Robertson 

 and Kushlan (1974) estimate that 

 present numbers of breeding waders 

 have been reduced by about 95% since 

 1870, initially as a result of plume 

 hunting but more recently as a func- 

 tion of insidious changes brought on 

 by upstream watershed management 

 practices. 



Regarding seasonality of nest- 

 ing, there are two general catego- 

 ries, winter nesters which tend to 

 be those birds that utilize Florida 

 Bay more than the interior wetlands, 

 and the spring nesters. Typically 

 the smaller herons and the white 

 ibis nest in spring, while the 

 roseate spoonbill and great white 

 and blue herons nest in the winter 

 months. 



A particularly well studied 

 example of the close relationship 

 that exists between water levels, 

 fish production, and nesting success 

 in wading birds is the wood stork 



140 



