None of the correlations between amphipod survival and the concentrations of PAHs were statistically 

 significant (Table 31). These results are in sharp contrast with those from the Phase 1 samples, in 

 which the PAHs were highly correlated with toxicity to amphipods. 



Table 31. Spearman-rank correlations (Rho, corrected for ties) between percent amphipod sur- 

 vival and the concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Newark Bay sedi- 

 ments (n=20). 



ns = not significant (p>0.05) 



The concentrations of many of the chemicals quantified in Phase 2 equalled or exceeded respective 

 guideline values (Table 32). In particular, the concentrations of many chlorinated organic compounds, 

 such as 2,3,7,8-tcdd, the isomers of DDT, and total PCBs, equalled or exceeded the respective guide- 

 lines in many of the samples. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tcdd exceeded the proposed sediment 

 guideline (100 pg/g, parts per trillion) for the protection of benthic organisms (U.S. EPA, 1993) and 

 human health receptors (New York Sate Department of Environmental Conservation, 1993) by more 

 than two fold in many samples. The cumulative 2378-tcdd toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQ) for all 

 of the dioxins, furans, and PCBs also exceeded the guideline value by factors of up to four fold. All 

 three p,p- isomers of DDE, DDD, and DDT equalled or exceeded the respective ERM values (Long et 

 al., 1995; Long and Morgan, 1990) in many samples. However, the authors of these reports expressed 

 only a moderate degree of confidence in these guidelines. The concentrations of total PCB congeners 

 exceeded the ERM value of 180 ppb in most of the samples. 



The concentrations of many of the chlorinated organic compounds were elevated, frequently by >2X, 

 in many of the Phase 2 samples. In comparison, the concentrations of most trace elements were not 

 particularly elevated in these samples (Table 32). None of the samples had concentrations of arsenic, 

 cadmium, copper, or chromium that exceeded the respective ERM values. Although many of the 

 samples had mercury concentrations that exceeded the ERM value of 0.71 ppm, Long et al. (1995) had 

 only a moderate degree of confidence in this ERM value. Lead and zinc concentrations equalled or 

 exceeded the respective ERM values in 10 samples, but never by a factor of two fold or greater. The 



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