442 Transactions. — Geology. 



expected under the conditions of deposition, but more particu- 

 larly in the case of wells along the line extending from Clive to 

 Taradale, as these places are towards the points of the troughing 

 of the underlying beds, between which points the tides flowed 

 when the Heretaunga area was an arm of the sea. 



Commencing, then, at Pakipaki, which is 32*39 ft. above sea- 

 level, artesian water is found at depths varying from 65 ft. to 

 80 ft., or an average depth of 72 ft., according to the point 

 selected. This depth gives 42 ft. below sea-level, or about 

 208 ft. below the highest point on the plain. The depth 

 corresponds to a spot in the bay somewhat less than two 

 miles from the beach at Te Awapuni. At the Pakipaki Pa, 

 and near the railway - station, the water flows several feet 

 above the surface, but this overflow disappears on approach- 

 ing the entrance to the Te Aute Valley in the direction of 

 what was once the Pakipaki Hotel. At Pukahu, and at the 

 railway - crossing, Longlands Road, about midway between 

 Pakipaki and Hastings, water is obtained at depths varying 

 from 80 ft. to 110 ft., or from 55 ft, to 60 ft. below sea- 

 level, with a flow rising from 4 ft. to 8 ft. above the surface. 

 The depth in the wells in these places corresponds to a point 

 in the ocean four miles from the beach at Te Awapuni. 

 Hastings may be set down as being 40 ft. above sea-level, and 

 artesian water is obtained at depths varying from 130 ft. to 

 160 ft., in what is known as the first water-bearing area. Other 

 supplies have been struck in deeper sinkings at 280 ft., at 404 ft.. 

 and at 529 ft., but for the present the first water-bearing beds 

 will suffice. The depth of the latter bed corresponds to the depth 

 of the ocean nine miles from Te Awapuni Beach. Pakowhai is 

 1847 ft. above the sea, and artesian water is reached at depths 

 varying from 140 ft. to 170ft., or, say, 137 ft. below sea-level, 

 and 303 ft. below the highest point on the plain. This depth 

 corresponds to the depth of the ocean between eleven and twelve 

 nides out in the bay. Te Awapuni is 7 ft, above sea-level. 

 and water is reached at depths varying from 170 ft. to 200ft. 

 between this place and Awatoto. This depth corresponds to 

 the depth in the ocean about fifteen miles out in the bay. 

 The Napier artesian water is found at depths varying from 

 156 ft. to 240 ft., according to the proximity of the wells to the 

 hills. There are water-bearing beds at a greater depth than 

 this, but the upper bed corresponds with the line of water-bed 

 that, is first reached at Pakipaki. The height of flow at Napiei 

 in the best wells reaches 30ft. or more. As we proceed from 

 Napier or from Te Awapuni in the direction of Taradale, from 

 Pakowhai in the direction of Redclifie, from West Clive in the 

 direction of the Grange and the Big Bush, and from Eastings in 



