Park. — Marine Tertiaries of Otago and Canterbury . 489 



Art. LVI. — On the Marine Tertiaries of Otago and Canter- 

 bury, with Special Reference to the Relations existing 

 between the Pareora and Oamaru Series. 



By Professor James Park, M.A.Inst.M.E., M.Inst.M.M., 



F.G.S., Director Otago University School of Mines. 



[Read before the Otago Institute, 13th September, 1904.] 



Plate XLVIII. 



Table of Contents. Page 



Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 489 



Historical . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 



General Conclusions . . . . . . . . 491 



Distinctive Fauna of Oamaru Series . . . . . . 494 



Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . 496 



Conditions of Deposition of Oamaru Series . . . . 498 



Distribution of Oamaru Series . . . . . . 498 



Physical Geology . . . . . . . . . . 498 



Basement Rocks . . . . . . . . . . 501 



Influence of Basement Rocks . . . . . . 501 



Effects of Differential Elevation . . . . . . 501 



Contemporary Volcanic Eruptions . . . . . . 502 



Life of Oamaru Series . . . . . . . . 502 



Age of Oamaru Series . . . . . . . . 503 



Relations of Oamaru Series to Lower Tertiaries of North 



Island .. .. .. .. .. .. 504 



Age of Waipara Series . . . . . . . . 505 



Hampden Beach Beds .. .. .. .. 506 



Kakanui Valley, near Maheno . . . . . . 507 



Sea-coast near Kakanui Mouth . . . . . . 508 



Awamoa Creek . . . . . . . . . . 511 



Cape Oamaru . . . . . . . . . . 513 



Teschemaker's .. .. .. .. .. 517 



Devil's Bridge . . . . . . . . . . 518 



Pukeuri . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 



Hutchinson Quarry Beds . . . . . . . . 519 



Black Point, Waitaki Valley . . . . . . 520 



Marawheuua . . . . . . . . . . 522 



Wharekuri Basin . . . . . . . . . . 522 



Waihao Forks . . . . . . . . . . 527 



Pareora River . . . . . . . . . . 530 



Tengawai River . . . . . . . . . . 531 



Kakahu Bush . . . . . . . . . . 532 



Trelissic Basin . . . . . . . . . . 534 



Waipara and Weka Pass . . . . . . . . 535 



Lower Awatere . . . . . . . . . . 547 



Port Hills, Nelson . . . . . . . . 548 



Resume . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 



Classification of New Zealand Formations . . . . 551 



Introduction. 



Ever since 1870 there has been a difference of opinion 

 among New Zealand geologists as to the sequence and re- 

 lations of the members of the marine Tertiaries of Otago and 

 Canterbury, and it is not a little surprising that no general 



