Park. — Marine Tertiaries of Otago and Canterbury . 503 



don whale (Kekenodon onomata, Hector), a giant penguin 

 (Palaudyptes antarcticus, Huxley), a huge shark (Carcha- 

 rodon auriculatus, Blainville), a ray (Myliobatis plicatilis, 

 Davis), as well as a large nautilus (Aturia aiistralis, McCoy). 

 In the deeper waters there nourished a great variety of corals, 

 brvzoans, and Foraminifera, and with these many brachio- 

 pods, pectens, and echinoderms. In the shallow water and 

 estuaries there lived a great assemblage of molluscs, many 

 of which were remarkable for their large size. 



Among the shells, which grew to a great size in these 

 genial Tertiary seas, were the following : — 



Ostrea ivullerstorfi, Zittel. 

 Pecten athleta, Zittel. 

 Pecten beethami, Hutton. 

 Pecten hutchinsoni, Hutton. 

 Pseudamussmm liuttoni, Park. 

 Plagiostoma Icevigata, Hutton. 

 Cuctcllcsa ponderosa, Hutton. 

 Cuadlaa alta, Hutton. 

 Grassatellites ampla, Zittel. 

 Dosinia magna, Hutton. 

 Cardium patulum, Hutton. 

 Dentalium giganteum, Hutton. 

 Pleurotoma hamiltoni, Hutton. 

 Pleurotomaria tertiaria, McCoy. 

 Cirsotrema lyrata, Zittel. 

 TurriteUa cavershamensis, Harris. 

 Natica damvini, Hutton. 



Age of Oamaru Series. 



This formation is ascribed by Captain Hutton :: to the 

 Oligocene period, principally, he says, from the occurrence 

 in it of the Cretaceous genus Holaster, two species of which 

 he has described from the Cobden limestone, near Grey- 

 mouth. f The genus Holaster, although Cretaceous, ranges 

 into the Miocene of Europe. Of the remaining genera of 

 Echinodermata recorded by Captain Hutton from the Oamaru 

 series in his catalogue of the Tertiary Mollusca and Echinoder- 

 mata, all but one or two are represented by living species. 

 According to Zittel all of these genera are Tertiary and Recent 

 with the exception of the genus Gidaris, which ranges from 

 Permian to Recent. 



* Hutton, "The Geological History of New Zealand " (Trans. N.Z. 

 Inst., vol. xxxii., 1899, p. 170). 



t Hutton, " On some Fossils lately obtained from the Cobden Lime- 

 stone at Greymouth" (Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. xx., 1887, p. 268). 



