550 Transactions. — Geology. 



23. Siphonalia robinsoni, Zittel. 



24. Scaphella gracilicostata, Zittel. 



25. Limopsis insolita, Sowerby. 



26. Glycimeris laticostata, Quoy and Gaimard. 



27. Solenella australis, Zittel. 



Of the twenty-four molluscs in the above lists, seven, or 

 29 per cent., are still living. The fossils clearly refer these 

 beds to the Oarnaru series. 



x\bout lift, below the Aturia bed there is a gritty shell- 

 bed crowded with broken corals and Cidaris spines. It varies 

 from nothing to 6 ft. in width, its outcrop presenting the 

 appearance of a truncated lens. It was from this bed that 

 the bulk of the fossils collected by me were obtained. 



Resume. 



The conclusions I have arrived at relative to the physical 

 and stratigraphical geology of New Zealand, based upon the 

 foregoing facts, may be summarised as follows : — 



(a.) That the main orographical features were determined 

 soon after the close of the Jurassic. 



(b.) That there are three Tertiary marine formations in 

 New Zealand, as under : — (1.) Wanganui series: Newer Plio- 

 cene. (2.) Te Aute or Waitotara series : Older Pliocene. 

 (3.) Oarnaru series : Miocene. 



(c.) That the Oarnaru series rests unconformably upon the 

 Waipara series of Upper Cretaceous age. 



(d.) That the Waipara, Oarnaru, and Waitotara series are 

 marginal deposits which accumulated during periods of par- 

 tial submergence of the land. 



(e.) That the great glacier period of New Zealand was in 

 the Pleistocene, since when the glaciers have been gradually 

 retreating and diminishing in size. 



(/.) That the Pleistocene great extension of the glaciers 

 was mainly caused by refrigeration due to elevation of the 

 land rather than general climatic conditions. 



(g.) That the distribution of the Oarnaru and Waitotara 

 series, ascending in height from the sea on both coasts towards 

 the interior, is an evidence of differential elevation along the 

 main orographic axis. 



(h.) That the Pareora, Kakahu, Waihao, Black Point, and 

 Hampden shell-beds belong to the Oarnaru series. 



(t.) That many areas mapped as Pareora are potential 

 coal-bearing areas. 



{].) That the Motanau and Awatere beds overlie the 

 Oarnaru series unconformably, and belong to the Pliocene. 



(k.) That the Oarnaru series contains two distinct calcare- 

 ous horizons — namely, the Waitaki Stone and Oarnaru Stone, 



