Adams. — On Triangulation by Least Squares. 195 



but were it not for the continued borrowing the excess of exports 

 would supply much food for reflection. During the period of 

 sixteen years, 1887-1902, New-Zealanders have produced an 

 excess of exports of £33,000,000. This represents fairly what 

 they have produced but not enjoyed. The sum amounts to 

 about £50 per head of the average population for the period. 

 During the same period the public debt of the colony has in- 

 creased by £20,000,000. Thus the result of the New-Zealanders 

 denying themselves the use of thirty-three million pounds' worth 

 of the produce of their industry during sixteen years has been 

 merely to prevent the colony getting into debt by more than 

 £20,000,000. It follows that during this period the amount due 

 annually to residents abroad, chiefly for interest on loans and 

 profits on investments, has averaged about £3,300,000, or over 

 £3 a head of average population and £15 per family. This is 

 the result of what has been, I believe, in the main a perfectly 

 sound policy. 



I mention these results merely as being interesting in them- 

 selves, and as a testimony to the resources of a colony that can 

 be subject to such obligations and at the same time maintain its 

 population in a state of such considerable comfort. 



Conclusion. 

 In the foregoing we have not complicated the subject by 

 taking into account changes in average prices. These have been 

 pretty considerable during the whole period considered, and in 

 some cases no valid conclusion can be drawn without taking 

 them into account. I have considered, however, that they 

 would make but very slight difference in the argument of this 

 paper — not sufficient to compensate for the greater complexity 

 their inclusion would induce. 



Art. VIII. — The Adjustment of Triangulation by Least 



Squares. — Part II 



By C. E. Adams, B.Sc. (Honours). N.Z. Univ. ; A. I. A. 

 (Lond.) ; late Engineering Entrance Scholar and Engi- 

 neering Exhibitioner, Canterbury College ; late Senior 

 Scholar in Physical Science, N.Z. Univ. 



[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 10th October, 1903.} 



Example No. 2. — The Adjustment of a Polygon. 

 Following the method adopted in example No. 1,* the usual 

 adjustment as practised in New Zealand will be first de- 



* Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. xxxv., p. 201. 



