Benham. — Oligochceta from the Southern Islands. 285 



been unnecessary. It is probable that the point will never be 

 decided, and, as Schmarda's worm no longer forms an exception 

 to the zoo-geographical problem, its decision is now of little 

 importance. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. 



The illustrations of the anatomy of the earthworms described in this 

 article are purely diagrammatic, indicating only the segmental position of 

 the various organs, the worm being supposed to be slit up along the dorsal 

 line and the body-wall pinned aside. 



A group of three diagrams refers to each worm herein described. The 

 left-hand diagram in each of the groups referring to a species represents 

 the external features. The location of the various genital pores is repre- 

 sented as round black dots (if on a papilla this is left white), the clitellum 

 is obliquely shaded, the tubercula pubertatis are vertically shaded. 



In addition, the arrangement of the chaetae — labelled a, b, c, d — is 

 indicated in segments 5 to 23 on one side : they are omitted on the other 

 side for clearness' sake. The true relative spacing of the chaetae is 

 shown. 



The position of the nephridiopores is indicated by the small circles on 

 one side of the figure. 



The middle figure represents the alimentary canal and so much of 

 the vascular system as is diagnostic. The latter is black. The gizzard is 

 indicated by vertical shading, the oesophageal glands by more or less 

 horizontal lines. The intestine is not represented as being constricted, 

 which is, however, the case in most worms. 



The right-hand figure shows the reproductive system. The gonads 

 are in black. The sperm-sacs are dotted. The sac with penial chastae 

 when present is indicated, and the muscular duct of the spermiducal gland 

 is transversely striped. The transverse muscles in the 18th segment are 

 shown. 



No attempt is made to give the relative sizes of the worms or of the 

 various organs. 



Art. XTX. — On the Oligochceta from the Southern Islands of 

 the New Zealand Region. 



By W. B. Benham, D.Sc, M.A. F.Z.vS., Corr. M. R. Soc. Tasm., 

 Professor of Biology, University of Otago. 



[Bead before the. Otago Institute, 13th September, 1904.] 



Plates XII. and XIII. 



In the winter of last year (July, 1903) Dr. L. Cockayne paid a 

 visit to the southern islands on the Government steamer " Hine- 

 moa," and while collecting plants was good enough to collect 

 earthworms, which he kindly handed over to me. The following 

 is the list of worms described in the present paper, all but the last 

 being collected during this expedition :— 



