Broun — Ni tes on Fruit-flies. 325 



attempted to make out the arrangement of the different parts 

 of the reproductive system. In specimens killed in osinic acid 

 two small masses staining deeply with the acid are usually very 

 prominent, one on each side, a little behind the posterior sucker. 

 As the Cercarice on leaving the sporocyst may readily escape 

 from the cockle and swim freely in the sea-water, it may thus 

 reach a great variety of animals, and in the meantime I am unable 

 to offer any suggestion as to the host in which the adult fluke 

 is likely to be found. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX 

 ( 'ercaria pe<tinata. 

 Fig. 1. Sporocyst containing Cercarice ( x about 10). 

 Fig 2. Cercara pectinata ( x 60). 



Fig. 3. Cei •carta pectinata: one of the "setas" from the tail (highly mag- 

 nified). 



Art. XXVII. — Notes on Fruit-flies, with a Description of a New 



Species (Dacus xanthodes). 



By Captain T. Broun, F.E.S., Government Entomologist and 

 Fruit Inspector at Auckland. 



[Read before the Auckland Institute, 27th February, 1904.] 



These two-winged flies are, without doubt, the most dreaded of 

 all orchard pests, and consequently strenuous efforts are made 

 to prevent their establishment in New Zealand. The most im- 

 portant species from our point of view are the Mediterranean 

 fly (Halterophora .capitata) and the Queensland one (Tephritis 

 tryoni). 



The Mediterranean species is known to occur in widely 

 distant countries, including Malta, Sicily, Azores, Madeira, Cape 

 Verde Islands, Bermuda, Cape Colony, Mauritius, Cuba, and Aus- 

 tralia. European records of its ravages extend as far back as 

 the year 1826, when it was stated that " fully a third of the 

 oranges shipped to London from the Azores were rendered unfit 

 for use before they reached their destination through the pre- 

 sence of this maggot before they were packed." In 1890 an 

 article appeared in the American publication called " Insect 

 Life" wherein this fly was described as a peach-pest at Ber- 

 muda. During 1892 ' Mr. J. H. Cooke stated that " all the 

 oranges in Malta had been destroyed for the past few years by 

 the maggot of this fly." The opinions of competent observers 

 and responsible officials only have been quoted here. Besides 

 the fruits already mentioned, about fifteen others have been 

 attacked. 



