Chapter 5 (Continued) 



The Subtidal Subsystem 5-7 6 



Subtidal water column 5-78 



Subtidal unconsolidated bottom 5-81 



Rock bottom 5-88 



Subtidal aquatic beds 5-91 



The Intertidal Subsystem 5-91 



Intertidal rocky shore 5-94 



Intertidal streambeds 5-95 



Intertidal beach 5-95 



Intertidal flats 5-98 



Emergent wetland 5-107 



RESEARCH NEEDS 5-132 



REFERENCES 5-134 



CHAPTER 6: THE RIVERINE SYSTEM 6-1 



DATA SOURCES AND COMPILATION OF DATA 6-3 



GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6-3 



PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6-3 



CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6-10 



ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE RIVERINE SYSTEM 6-10 



Climate 6-11 



Temperature 6-11 



Precipitation and flow levels 6-11 



Pollutant transport 6-12 



Geology-Hydrology 6-12 



Landform 6-13 



Bedrock composition 6-13 



Water Chemistry Parameters 6-14 



Inorganic plant nutrients 6-14 



Other inorganic ions 6-15 



Organic matter 6-15 



Dissolved gases 6-15 



ENERGY FLOW 6-16 



BIOTA 6-25 



Producers 6-25 



Consumers 6-2 5 



Decomposers 6-26 



NATURAL FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION 6-2 6 



Water Chemistry 6-26 



Light and Temperature 6-29 



Current and Substrate 6-30 



RESEARCH NEEDS 6-30 



REFERENCES 6-31 



CHAPTER 7: THE LACUSTRINE SYSTEM 7-1 



DATA SOURCES AND COMPILATION OF DATA 7-2 



DISTRIBUTION OF THE LACUSTRINE SYSTEM 7-2 



PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7-8 



CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7-9 



Biological Characteristics 7-13 



ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE LACUSTRINE SYSTEM 7-13 



vii 



