Chapter 7 (Continued) 



Climate 7-16 



Other Atmospheric Factors 7-16 



Hydrology 7-17 



Geology 7-17 



Lake substrates 7-18 



Lacustrine sedimentation 7-18 



Soils 7-19 



Morphometry 7-21 



BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AND BUDGETS 7-22 



BIOTA 7-22 



ENERGY FLOW AND FOOD WEBS 7-24 



Trophic Structure, Energy Flows, and Budgets 7-24 



Food Webs 7-29 



LACUSTRINE SUCCESSION 7-32 



LAND USE 7-32 



Recreational and Municipal Use 7-32 



Dams and Water Control Devices 7-33 



LAKE MANAGEMENT AND FISHERIES 7-33 



RESEARCH NEEDS 7-34 



REFERENCES 7-36 



CHAPTER 8: THE PALUSTRINE SYSTEM 8-1 



SOURCES OF AND COMPILATION OF DATA 8-2 



DISTRIBUTION OF THE PALUSTRINE SYSTEM 8-6 



CHARACTERISTICS OF PALUSTRINE WETLANDS 8-9 



Wetland Development 8-9 



Physical Characteristics 8-9 



Peat bog stratigraphy 8-10 



Chemical Characteristics 8-15 



ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING PALUSTRINE SYSTEMS 8-15 



Climate 8-15 



Hydrology 8-16 



Geology 8-16 



BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AND BUDGETS 8-18 



BIOTA 8-19 



Producers 8-21 



Consumers 8-25 



Decomposers 8-2 6 



Food Webs 8-26 



ENERGY FLOW 8-26 



IMPORTANCE TO HUMANITY 8-27 



Peat As A Commercial Resource 8-30 



PALUSTRINE MANAGEMENT 8-30 



RESEARCH NEEDS 8-31 



REFERENCES 8-32 



CHAPTER 9: THE FOREST SYSTEM 9-1 



DATA SOURCES AND COMPILATION OF DATA 9-3 



CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST SYSTEMS 9-4 



DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TYPES 9-4 



Spruce-Fir 9-4 



White Pine-Hemlock-Hardwood 9-6 



viii 



10-80 



