Chapter 14 (Continued) 



Tidal Power 14-41 



Environmental Contamination 14-42 



Oil 14-42 



Toxic chemicals 14-43 



Heavy metals 14-44 



Plastic and other artifacts 14-44 



Other Disturbance 14-44 



MANAGEMENT 14-45 



RESEARCH NEEDS 14-4 5 



REFERENCES 14-47 



CHAPTER 15: WATERFOWL 15-1 



WATERFOWL GROUPS 15-7 



Resident Waterfowl 15-8 



Breeding Species 15-9 



Wintering Species 15-10 



Migrants 15-10 



WATERFOWL ASSESSMENT 15-10 



Breeding Populations 15-14 



Migration and Staging Areas 15-28 



Waterfowl Habitat 15-31 



Region 1 15-31 



Region 2 15-32 



Region 3 15-32 



Region 4 15-32 



Region 5 15-33 



Region 6 15-33 



Ecological Interactions 15-34 



FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 15-35 



Natural Factors 15-35 



Human Factors 15-37 



POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES 15-38 



Forestry Practices 15-38 



Industrial or Urban Development 15-38 



Oil Pollution 15-38 



Tidal Power Development 15-38 



Island Development 15-38 



Non-consumptive Use 15-40 



MANAGEMENT 15-40 



DATA GAPS 15-42 



CASE STUDY: THE BLACK DUCK 15-43 



REFERENCES 15-47 



CHAPTER 16: TERRESTRIAL BIRDS 16-1 



DATA SOURCES 16-2 



SEASONAL OCCURRENCE 16-2 



HABITAT PREFERENCE 16-11 



Outer Islands and Headlands 16-11 



Shores of Lakes, Rivers, Ponds, and Streams 16-11 



Palustrine 16-11 



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