Chapter 16 (Continued) 



Open Fields and Wet Meadows 16-12 



Old Fields, Edges, and Successional Habitats 16-12 



Forests 16-12 



Coniferous forests 16-18 



Deciduous forests 16-18 



Mixed forests 16-19 



Rural and Developed Land 16-19 



ABUNDANCE OF TERRESTRIAL BIRDS 16-19 



Breeding Bird Survey 16-20 



Christmas Bird Counts 16-23 



ASPECTS OF MIGRATION 16-24 



REPRODUCTION 16-25 



Time of Nesting 16-25 



Nest Type and Location 16-25 



Nesting Cycle 16-27 



FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 16-27 



Human Related Factors Affecting Abundance 16-28 



Habitat alteration 16-28 



Chemical contaminants 16-29 



Accidental mortality 16-30 



Hunting mortality 16-31 



Other factors 16-31 



IMPORTANCE TO HUMANITY 16-31 



MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 16-32 



CASE STUDY: THE BALD EAGLE 16-33 



Introduction 16-33 



Status 16-33 



Taxonomy 16-33 



Historical distribution and abundance 16-33 



Breeding population 16-35 



Wintering population 16-38 



Migration 16-41 



Habitat 16-42 



Characteristics of eagle habitat 16-42 



Food Habits 16-42 



Reproduction 16-43 



Natural Factors of Abundance 16-43 



Human-caused Factors of Abundance 16-44 



Socioeconomic Importance 16-47 



Management 16-47 



Protection 16-47 



Research Needs 16-49 



REFERENCES 16-51 



CHAPTER 17: TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS 17-1 



DATA SOURCES 17-4 



DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 17-5 



Regional Distribution 17-5 



Habitat Preferences 17-7 



ROLE OF MAMMALS IN THE ECOSYSTEM 17-12 



FACTORS OF ABUNDANCE 17-15 



xiv 



10-80 



