Several hangovers from the past exist. The long-term accumulations of known 

 toxicants and probably of unknown ones, especially in Baltimore Harbor and the 

 Elizabeth River, exist as complex reservoirs of pollutants, readily available for 

 release and access to the biota, as does Kepone in the James. In old domestic and 

 industrial systems, some ancient pipes, valves, outfalls, and practices are difficult to 

 correct and expensive to replace. At many sites waste treatment capacity and 

 practice fail to stay ahead of loading. Substantial reduction has occurred in the 1970s 

 in numbers of important Bay plants and animals, and the role of water quality has 

 not been determined. 



Uses are not yet rationally zoned in accordance with the primary characteristics 

 and capacities of the Bay system, and means for controlling the distribution and 

 density of human populations are limited and local. The enormous role of land usage 

 in affecting water quality is rather dimly seen and does not yet affect many decisions 

 to permit or refuse various land-based activities. 



There is no continuing source of funding for long-term research and monitoring 

 designed to comprehend the Bay and assist in its management. 



On balance, the potentials for achieving and sustaining high water quality in the 

 tidal system of the Chesapeake Bay have been greatly enhanced and they may 

 possibly be realized in the next decade or two. However, very serious problems 

 remain, and the obstacles to such achievement are formidable. 



The vast values of the Chesapeake for many uses merit conservative guarantees, 

 within the limits of human capability, that the environmental quality, inherent 

 processes, and biological health of the Chesapeake Bay will indeed be assured for the 

 indefinite future. Almost every important and desired use depends on that 

 achievement. Recent progress is impressive. Further progress is imperative. 



REFERENCES 



American Water Resources Association, National Capitol Section. 1976. Symposium — the 

 future of Chesapeake Bay. Am. Water Res. Assoc. Nat. Cap. Sect. 



Anonymous. 1980. Sludge: that slimy goo is very hard to get rid of. Baltimore Evening Sun. 

 October 3. 1980. 



Associated Press. 1980. Recreational fishermen can keep Kepone-filled fish. Baltimore 

 Evening Sun. September 24, 1980. 



Austin, H. 1979. Major environmental impact affecting Virginia fisheries. Part 1. Conference 

 on Virginia Fisheries and the Environment, B. Theberge, ed. Marshall-Wythe School of 

 Law, College of Wiiliam and Mary. pp. 21-27. 



Baltimore Environmental Center. 1980. Environmentalism enters the 80's: public opinion in 

 an era of policy trade-offs. Baltimore Environmental Center. 



Beers, R.F., F. Bender, L.M. Brush, Jr., R.J. Byrne, L.E. Cronin, R.L. Green, W.J. Hargis, 

 Jr., E.B. Joseph, L.C Kohlenstein, R.W. Krauss, R.H. Roy, A.B. Schulz, and F.T. 

 Sparrow. 1971. The Chesapeake Bay — a research program to assist in better manage- 

 ment of complex environmental systems. The Johns Hopkins University, University of 

 Maryland, and Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 



Bellanca, M.A. Inprers. Management implications of nutrient standards for estuaries. Enrich- 

 ment of estuaries, B.J. Neilson and L.E. Cronin. eds. 1980. 



Bender, M.E., R.J. Huggett, and H.D. Slone. 1972. Heavy metals — an inventory of existing 

 conditions. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 62(2): 144-1 56. 



Bergoffen, W. 1971. Conference report. Citizens' program for the Chesapeake Bay. Nat- 

 ural Resources Institute, University of Maryland. Ref. 71-77. Mimeo. 



Bertine, K., J.K. Cochran, L.E. Cronin, W.P. Davis, C.S. Martens, L.R. Pomeroy, J. 

 Schubel, J.L. Taft, J. Teal, and R. Wilson. 1980. Estuaries. Assimilative capacity of U.S. 

 coastal waters for pollutants. Proceedings of a workshop, E. Goldberg, ed. Working 

 Paper No. 1: Federal Plan for Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring. 

 FY 1981-1985. Environmental Research Labs, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, 

 pp. 59-97. 



Block, R.M., and G.R. Helz. 1977. Proceedings of the chlorination workshop. Sixteen 

 papers on chlorine use, analysis of residuals, organochlorides, bioassay, and physio- 

 logical responses related 1 to chlorine. Chesapeake Science, 1 8( I ):93— 160. 



41 



