584 [December 



more or less pinched together so as to form a kind of beak and frequently re- 

 flexed. These leaves are all entire, sessile, pale green in the summer and in 

 the autumn of a pale reddish brown or pale yellowish brown color with fine, ap- 

 pressed, whitish pubescence on their external surface, and they have a few in- 

 distinct longitudinal veins but no normal midrib and side veins as in S. rho- 

 doides. At the base of the gall they are small and orbicular, then larger and 

 orbicular, then oval, then towards the tip of the gall elongate-oval and elon- 

 gate-obovate, the tip of the leaf in each case taper-pointed in an angle of about 

 80° so as to form the beak before spoken of. In the inside they become linear- 

 lanceolate and envelop the central cell as in the preceding species. 



Described from 72 specimens. Attains its full size by the end of 

 July, and is quite common near Rock Island. Illinois. In two or 

 three cases where the potato-like gall .S'. batafaa n. sp. grew at 

 the tip of a twig, I have noticed the gall »S'. tjnapha/ioufe - growing 

 sessile from near the tip of the other gall, evidently from one of the 

 buds included in it. In November I have observed that many of these 

 galls have the larva picked out of them, evidently by birds, and in Fe- 

 bruary full I of them are thus emptied, the leaves of the gall being 

 pecked off on one side. This does not occur with the allied galls S. 

 br ass ico idea, S. strohiloides, and S. rhodoides, probably because the 

 larva is there concealed and protected by a much thicker wall of leaves; 

 but I have repeatedly in the winter noticed the same thing of the large, 

 spongy gall of the Dipterous Tri/prta soJ!d(uj!)i!s Fitch. f]asily distin- 

 guished from its five allies by its much smaller size. From *S'. brassi- 

 coides it is also distinguished at once by its always being solitary; from 

 *S'. strobiloides by the tips of the leaves that lie "to the weather" being 

 not rounded but angulated and beaked ; from «S^. strob discus by the 

 tips of the leaves being generally opened out and recurved, and always 

 beaked; and from S. rlwloides and S. cort/loides by all the leaves 

 being sessile, instead of the terminal leaves, and in the latter case almost 

 all the leaves, having peduncles. 



Larva. — On July 80 the larva was not yet discoverable in the gall. 

 August 27 it was .06 — .07 inch long, yellowish or orange-color, with 

 dominant, bowel-like, white markings, and the breast-bone indistinct. 

 Several larvai examined November 11 and 18 were undistinguishable 

 from those of S. brassicoides, S. strobiloides and S. rhodoides. and had 

 the same breast-bone with the same variations. Length .10 — .12 inch. 

 In over a dozen galls opened at these dates the larva had made its co- 

 coon, which was li — 2 times as long as the larva itself and of the usual 



