1864.] C.4T 



Pupa. 1 in. to 1.10 in. long, .30 in. broad at the seventh segment,* ta- 

 pering thence reguhirly to the extremities; entire surface shagreened. 

 Color, brownish-black, with reddish-brown on the moveable segments 

 posteriorly — and anterior to the stigmata, prominent transverse wrinkles 

 — showing only when these segments are bent on one side, as they 

 usually are, to such a degree as to bring the terminal spine at nearly 

 a right angle with the central segments. Segments third to eighth 

 inclusive prominently ridged transversely. Head-case produced, su-b- 

 triangular anteriorly. Antennaj-cases terminating midway between the 

 tips of the middle and posterior leg-cases in the 9 Tongue-case buried. 

 Stigmata brown, oval. Terminal spine broad at base, prominent, flat. 



■*"The segments of the jjupa, exclusive of the head-ease, are of the typical 

 number of twelve, as in the larva, although some of them are so reduced in 

 size, as not to be readily distinguishable. The stigmata number two less than 

 those of the larva, viz: sixteen. The first .segment in the Sphinr/idce is repre- 

 sented by a short dorsal piece attached to the head-case, having at its lateral 

 posterior angle the first stigma. The second segment is indicated by a large 

 dorsal, hexagonal piece between the bases of the anterior wings. The third 

 segment is quite short, is marked with plaits or ridges which are constant and 

 characteristic, and is found between the bases of the posterior wings : these 

 three are known as the thoracic segments. Following them are the abdominal 

 segments, the first of which is similar to, but larger than the preceding — is also 

 without a stigma, and constitutes the fourth segment. On the fifth segment is 

 the second stigma, sometimes partially hidden by the overlapping hind margin 

 of the posterior wing-case. The sixth and seventh segments have each a stig- 

 ma — the seventh is usually the longest and broadest of all, and is that upon 

 the posterior margin of which, the wing-cases terminate. The preceding seg- 

 ments are immoveable, from the attachment to them inferiorly of the leg-, an- 

 tennae- and wing-cases. Segments eighth to eleventh are entire, move freely 

 one upon the other, and are furnished with stigmata. The twelfth segment \» 

 without a stigma, is the shortest of all, and has attached to it an immoveable 

 plate, covering the anal organs — the intermediate suture obsolete superiorly. 

 The anal plate terminates in a spine, of greater or less prominence. 



Ventrally. are seen the anterior wing-cases, overlying the posterior, but per- 

 mitting a small portion of their inner margin to be seen on the fourth, fifth and 

 sixth segments. Of the leg-cases, the anterior and middle ones are alone visi- 

 ble, the posterior ones being hidden beneath the wings. The tongue case, in 

 those spec'es in which the tongue is as long, or nearly as long as the body, has 

 a portion exserted. The remainder is buried, and usually extends in a separate 

 case for each filament, to the tips of the wings. In Smerinthus and other genera 

 in which the tongue is nearly obsolete, the pupa is without a visible tongue- 

 ease. 



