NSWC/WOL/TR 75-3 5 



All water quality parameters can be monitored with laboratory- 

 analyzers. In trace analysis laboratory analyzers offer better 

 sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, the overall cost of analysis 

 is generally lower. 



In view of these advantages, laboratory analyzers are 

 recommended for the water monitoring system in the explosive testing 

 program. Figure 1 shows a sequence of steps for the laboratory 

 instrumental system. 



II 



EXPLOSION PRODUCTS 



A considerable amount of knowledge has been acquired concerning 

 the chemistry of explosives and the shock wave and bubble phenomena 

 of underwater explosions, but only limited attention has been given 

 to the dispersion of the explosion products after the detonation 

 takes place. The ultimate disposition, of course, depends on whether 

 the product is gaseous or a solid, and whether it is readily soluble 

 in water or remains in a particulate form. The size of the pool 

 containing the explosion products depends on the charge weight of 

 the explosive used, and the distribution of explosion products 

 depends on the maximum bubble radius and the depth of the explosion. 

 Most of these phenomena have been discussed in detail in a publication 

 by Yount . - 1 - 



In this section, a brief summary of the explosion products 

 involved in the monitoring program is given. Only the chemical 

 products of a bare explosive charge will be discussed. Materials 

 from the case, fuzing mechanism, and any other detonation devices 

 will not be considered, as they probably bear no major significance 

 to the impact of pollution. 



2.1 PHYSICAL FORMS 



2.1.1 Gases 



The majority of the explosion products are in the form of gases. 

 Initially, the products are contained in a large spherical bubble 

 that pulsates and migrates toward the surface. Most of the gaseous 



Young, G. A., "The Physical Effects of Conventional Explosions on 

 the Ocean Environment", Naval Ordnance Laboratory, NOLTR 71-120 

 3 Aug 1971. 



