NSWC/WOL/TR 75-3 5 



The Kemmerer Plus Nonmetallic Bottles are specially designed 

 for trace metal sampling and pesticides or chlorinated hydrocarbon 

 sampling. This is accomplished by constructing the Kemmerer Plus 

 bottle out of materials that cannot contaminate the sample for the 

 types of sampling. Specifically the rubber end seals, valve washer, 

 and the closer have been constructed of materials which will not 

 release trace metal ions or chlorinated hydrocarbons to the sample. 



The unique Kemmerer design assures complete flushing of the 

 bottle as it is lowered into the water. Closing of the Kemmerer 

 causes much less agitation disturbance of the sample than the Van 

 Dorn design. Utilizing a specially designed automatic locking 

 device, the stoppers are locked open before the unit is lowered into 

 the water. The valves are closed by dropping a messenger. A drain 

 in the bottom stopper allows the water contained in the sampler to 

 be drawn off for analysis. 



For use on explosion tests, special arrangements are required. 

 One approach that has been used successfully is to place a sampler 

 just below the surface at a downstream distance where the explosive 

 effects are not damaging. A dye tracer is added to the explosive 

 and the movement of the surface pool is observed visually. The 

 sampler is activated by wire when the pool arrives. The events are 

 recorded photographically. 



3.1.4 Filtration of Water Samples 



Natural water contains two principle types of suspended matter 

 (i) inorganic particulate matter resulting from rock weathering and 

 from precipitation, and (ii) marine organisms, their decomposition 

 products and other organic detritus. In explosion tests, particu- 

 lates such as aluminum oxide particles, unconsumed explosives, and 

 carbon are generated. Since trace metals and organic components 

 from the explosion products can be liberated rapidly from, or be 

 taken up by particulate matter, it is advisable to separate the 

 particular matter immediately after collection. 



The suspended matter, after it is separated from water samples, 

 can be saved and analyzed. The separation may be carried out either 

 by centrifugation, or more conveniently, by filtration. 



In the selection of a filtering medium the following criteria 

 should be satisfied. 



(1) The filter should have a reproducible and uniform pore size 

 The most commonly used pore size is 0.45M. 



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