282 Transactions. — Geology. 



on which stood a heavy box, the carpet would be pulled for- 

 ward on each side of the box ; if a special pull were given to 

 move the carpet beneath the box, that on each side would 

 yield again. The difference of temperature may, however, be 

 otherwise accounted for, and possibly other explanations might 

 be suggested. The pressures, and the distance through which 

 they acted, may have been equally great beneath the plain 

 and the mountain, but the quantity of rock deformed beneath 

 the plain may have been larger ; in which case the heat 

 developed, being spread throughout a larger mass, would not 

 be so intense. Seeing that the larger portion of matter ejected 

 issued from the lower range of craters, this appears to be the 

 most reasonable suggestion of the two. 



In the case of both eruptions, the relief afforded by the 

 removal of matter at some points would cause greater strain 

 to be thrown on other points, and these yielding in their 

 turn, (the yielding being indicated by the earthquakes accom- 

 panying the eruption,) heat, and consequently steam and 

 weakened rock, were provided for the continuance of the volcanic 

 display. 



Other facts, recorded by Professor Hutton and others, 

 might be mentioned to show that the crushing theory fits 

 them perfectly ; but this paper has run to great length already, 

 and I hope I have sufficiently shown that Mr. Mallet's theory, 

 properly understood, is not so "very improbable." 



Art. XXXVIII.— On the Artesian Well System of Hawke's Bay. 

 By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 



[Read before the Hawke's Bay Philosophical Institute, I3tli June, 1887.] 



Plates XVI., XVII. 



Few things add more to the conveniences and general health of 

 a town or a district than a good water supply. Happily for the 

 people of Napier, and for those dwelling on the plains known as 

 the Ahuriri, the Karamu, and the Hcretaunga, the}' have a 

 supply of good well-filtered water which is practically unlimited. 

 The discovery in this district of what are known as artesian 

 wells, dates back a good many years. The first well sunk in 

 Napier was the one in Hastings Street, near Mr. Swan's brewery, 

 Mr. Garry, so long and so well-known in connection with Garry's 

 foundry, being the gentleman who successfully carried out this 

 important and beneficial work. It ought also to be recorded to 

 Mr. Garry's credit, that he was the first to discover artesian water 



