Jan., 1921] Translocation of Carbohydrate Materials 93 



7. The translocation of sugars in apple spurs is largely in 

 the form of glucose and maltose. Glucose appears to be the 

 most important sugar of translocation during the dormant 

 period. 



8. Maltose appears to be the most important sugar of 

 translocation during starch accumulation in autumn. To sum 

 up, the upward translocation of sugar in spring is largely in 

 the form of glucose, while the translocation of sugar from leaves 

 to stem in autumn is largely in the form of maltose. 



9. The quantity of sucrose is very small in comparison to 

 glucose and maltose. In fruit spurs it is found in the early 

 growing and dormant period and is almost lacking at other 

 times. 



10. The process of downward translocation of sugar is 

 very slow in comparison to the upward translocation, the latter 

 of which is influenced by the transpiration stream during the 

 early spring. 



11. The correlation between the changes in acidity and 

 the resultant effect upon the enzymes involved and the changes 

 in carbohydrates in fruit spurs will be discussed later. 



The Two-year-old Apple Seedlings. 



1. The effect of temperature upon the changes and trans- 

 location of carbohydrates in apple seedlings is similar to its 

 effect on carbohydrates in the fruit spurs of apple. 



2. Total carbohydrate accumulation increases rapidly in 

 both stems and roots at the close of the growing period in August, 

 September and October, followed by a slight increase in roots 

 and two-year-old stems, the maximum being reached in October, 

 after which a gradual decrease follows. 



3. After December there is a marked decrease in total 

 carbohydrate both in roots and stems, which reaches its mini- 

 mum in January, February and March. This decrease is 

 perhaps due to slow metabolic processes, such as respiration, and 

 also to a change of carbohydrates to non-carbohydrate materials, 

 such as fats. There is also a marked development of latex- 

 like material in the roots during January and February. Butler, 

 et. al.* have found a slight increase of fats in roots and two-year- 

 old branches during the dormant period. The latex material 



*Loc. Cit. 



