June, 1921] Steel Molding Sand in Ohio 253 



the chemical work the Geological Survey is indebted to Prof. 

 D. J. Demorest, of the Ohio State University, and for the 

 microscopical examination of the sands the Survey is equally 

 indebted to D. D. Condit, formerly of the Geological Survey 

 of Ohio and later of the United States Geological Survey. 



The Trumbull Stone and Sand Company. This plant is 

 about b^'o miles west of Warren, Trumbull County, on the 

 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The company owns 105 acres 

 and in 1920 was working about 45 feet of the Sharon con- 

 glomerate. Pebbles, the largest about 1)4. inches in diameter, 

 were observed near the base of the quarry and were reported 

 to be found occasionally above the base. The mass of the 

 rock, however, is a coarse sandstone with a buff or light brown 

 color. 



The rock is loaded on cars with a steam shovel, hauled to 

 the mill and crushed and screened to three grades of sand. 

 No. 1 is used for furnace bottoms in steel and tube mills, No. 2 

 for steel castings and furnace bottoms, and No. 4 for lining 

 Bessemer converters. The principal market is Lorain, Youngs- 

 town, Pittsburgh and Sharon. The product is unwashed and 

 the output averages about 100 tons per day. 



The composition of the sand is shown below: 



Silica, SiOa • 95 



Alumina, AI2O3 1 



Ferric oxide 



Calcium oxide, CaO 



Magnesium oxide, MgO 



Titanium oxide, Ti02 



Loss on ignition 



99% 

 97% 

 35% 

 09% 



/c 

 62^! 



'>?% 



Microscopic examination of this sand showed the following 

 minerals which are named in the order of their abundance: 



1. Quartz. o. Feldspar. 



2. Limonite. 6. Zircon. 



3. Kaolinite. 7. Apatite. 



4. Tourmaline. 8. Rutile. 



Kaolinite is thought to be the cementing material. 



Portage Silica Company. This company operates the largest 

 plant in Ohio, located on the Erie Railroad in the extreme 

 eastern part of Portage County, about midway between Gar- 

 rettsville and Phalanx. 



The company owns about 1,100 acres of land, approximately 

 one-half of which is reported to be underlaid with Sharon 



