305] PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA FROM FISHES—COOPER 17 



lary parenchyma, for the most part lateral to the nerve strands. Ovary and 

 shell-gland median, the former ventral, the latter dorsal. Vitelline foUicles 

 in the form of a mantle in the cortical parenchyma. Vas deferens enlarged to 

 a muscular bulb before entering the cirrus-sac. Receptaculum seminis large, 

 sharply separated from the short and narrow spermiduct. 



Sexually mature in the intestines of water birds; present as larvae in the 

 body-cavities of teleosts where they grow quite large and develop the rudiments 

 of the reproductive organs; occasionally also observed free in the water which 

 they reach by the rupture of the greatly distended body-wall of the intermediate 

 host. 



Type genus: Ligula Bloch 



In the above diagnosis of the subfamily by Liihe (1910:17) the statement 

 that the testes are "in einfacher dorsaler Schicht den Seitenfeldern desMark- 

 parenchyms grossentheils lateralwarts von den Markstrangen " is somewhat 

 confusing, for it is strictly correct only when the whole number of testes is 

 taken into consideration. In transections of both Ligula and Schistocephalus 

 the nerve strand was actually found to be more than half way from the median 

 line to the margin of the medulla, but the testes were much more closely 

 crowded in the lateral portion of the field, hence making their total number 

 there more than in the median field. But the differences between the two fields 

 on each side in this regard were seen in confirmatory frontal sections to be 

 much greater in Ligula than in Schistocephalus. 



LIGULA Bloch 1782 



Bothria as well as external segmentation completely absent from the larvae, 

 both develop simultaneously with the maturation of the sex-organs in the 

 definitive host, where the external segmentation which does not correspond 

 with the internal is confined to the anterior end. Longitudinal and transverse 

 muscles irregularly interwoven in the anterior end, posteriorly separated into 

 an inner transverse and an outer longitudinal layer. 



Type (and only) species: Ligula intestinalis (L.). 



