449] PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA FROM FISHES— COOPER 161 



ly merging in length into the pseudocilia of the cuticula of the neighborhood. 

 Furthermore they are arranged in the same manner on the posterior borders 

 of the spurious articulations and of all of the secondary segments situated in 

 the anterior portion of the strobila. They were referred to by Wagener (1854: 

 5), Diesing (1863:236) as "articulo singulo . . . postice ciliis instructo," 

 Cohn (1902:55) and by Luhe (1902:238, 247) who considered "dass es sich 

 nicht um in die Cuticula eingesenkte Stacheln handelt, wie bei dem Stachel- 

 kleide so vieler Distomen, sondem nur am Fortsatze der Cuticula, durchaus 

 analog denjenigen, welche Looss an der bereits oben citierten Stelle fur Haema- 

 toloechiis as per abgebildet hat. " 



The subcuticula, about 20(U in thickness, consists of fairly elongated cells, 

 the nuclei of which are situated at their central ends close to the vitelline 

 folhcles. Their boundaries are difhcult to ascertain, the whole layer thus being 

 more of tlie nature of a s\Ticitium. For about one-third of their length im- 

 mediately beneath the cuticula the cytoplasm becomes broken up into a num- 

 ber of more or less parallel processes which stand out in distinct contrast with 

 the deeper inner ends of the cells, especially in transverse sections. 



The parench)Tna, everyvi'here encroached upon by the voluminous repro- 

 ductive organs, is in the form of a comparatively open reticulum showing no 

 features of special interest. It is naturally most abundant in the posterior 

 flared ends of the proglottides. In small strobilas it is more compact in struc- 

 ture and contains relatively more nuclei. Distinct spaces, formerly occupied 

 by calcareous bodies, such as are readily and distinctly seen in the parenchyma 

 of B. SCOT pa, were found neither in the scolex nor in the strobila; nor were these 

 structures noticed in living material. 



The musculature is composed of the t^'pical three sets of fibres, interfered 

 with in the usual manner by the large reproductive organs and their external 

 openings. The sagittal and frontal series are only moderately developed, while 

 the longitudinal series is about lO^i in thickness and situated within the frontal 

 series. Its fibres are arranged in bundles of irregular shape (in cross-section) 

 and width but of this uniform thickness, excepting where they are naturally 

 much flattened out dorsally and ventrally by the distended uterus-sac. They 

 are also continuous from joint to joint. A very weakly developed series of 

 outer longitudinal muscles is present, while the muscles of the posterior border 

 of the proglottis (vide Liihe 1897a) are poorly developed, in fact even less so 

 than in Bothriocephalus. 



In the scolex the frontal fibres are better developed than the sagittal ones, 

 and pass around the bothrium closer to its lumen than to its external surface, 

 while the latter are mostly confined to the region between the bothria. The 

 iimer longitudinal muscles of the strobila pass forward into the scolex, dividing 

 as they meet the lumina of the bothria to pass around them and attach them- 

 selves to the margins of the apertures. They are thus directed somewhat 

 obUquely as shown in Johnstone's figure 18 and described as ". . . running 

 irregularly, probably obliquely, round the walls of the bothrium. These no 

 doubt function as constrictors of the latter. " A few pass on forward to the 



