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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAK BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



pale green, with an indistinct pale dorsal stripe, 

 and a broader and more distinct white lateral 

 stripe below the spiracles. It feeds at night 

 on heath and bilberry till the end of INIay, 

 and pupates in the ground. 



G. umbrosa, Hubn. The Six -striped 

 Rustic. Fore wings j-ellowish brown, with the 

 nervures somewhat darker. The transverse 

 lines are simple, sharply defined, blackish, and 

 slightly dentated. The central area and the inner 

 edge of the submarginal line are rusty brown. 

 Hind wings pale yellow, blackish towards the 

 hind margin, with pinkish fringes. The thorax 

 is not crested. It is common in Western 

 Europe in August and September. The larva 

 is pale grey, with two black dorsal lines. It 

 lives on grass and low plants in Spring. * 



G. punicea, Hiibn. Fore wings reddish 

 violet, varied with rusty yellow and violet-grey ; 

 both transverse lines are distinct, double, and 

 slightly dentated. There is no claviform stigma, 

 and the orbicular stigma is indistinct. Hind 

 wings pale grey, with a reddish tinge, and 

 with a grev lunule and curved line. The 

 moth is found in June in most parts of Central 

 Europe, but is rare. The larva hibernates 

 when half-grown. After the last moult it is 

 coffee-brown, with dull yellow dorsal lines, a 

 pale brown lateral stripe, and blackish spiracles. 

 It feeds on bramble, raspberry, and other low- 

 plants. The pupa is small, shining, and light 

 brown. 



G. rubi, \"iew. The Small Square -spot. 

 Fore wings reddish brown, with three trans- 

 verse lines edged with darker on each side. 

 Both stigmata are paler, at least towards the 

 hind margin, the front one being round, and 

 the claviform stigma dark at the extremity. 

 The central area sometimes forms a dark 

 space between them. The marginal line is 

 slightly curved, darker towards the hind margin 

 than at the base. Hind wings yellowish or 

 reddish grey, with a dark lunule. The moth is 

 common in Central Europe in .\pril and August. 

 The larva resembles that of punicea. It is light 

 or dark greyish brown, with three fine whitish 

 dorsal lines edged with darker, a pale lateral 

 stripe, and black spiracles. There are also 

 elongated spots on the last four segments, and 

 the head is brown, with a white spot on each 

 side. It lives on low plants in April and May. 



G. subrosea, Steph. The Rosy Marsh 

 Moth. Fore wings pale reddish grey, with the 

 two stigmata paler; between them is a brown 

 spot, and in front of the orbicular is another. 

 Hind wings paler, with dull grey margins and 

 a central lunule. This species was formerly 

 found in the fens of Cambridgeshire and 

 Huntingdonshire in July, but has not been 

 taken for many years. The larva is reddish 

 grey, marbled with brown, and has yellow 

 dorsal stripes bordered with brown, and a 

 yellow lateral stripe. It feeds on bog-mjTtle. 



G. conflua, Treit. The Lesser Ingrailed 

 Clay closely resembles the last species, but 

 is distinguished by the following characteristics. 

 Fore wings somewhat broader towards the 

 hind margin, especially in the female, and 

 rather yellowish brown than reddish. In the 

 basal area is a black dot, and only the black 

 tip of the claviform stigma is visible. The 

 suffused band is dark, especially towards 

 the costa. The antennae are serrated in the 

 male. It is found in July and August in 

 Northern Europe and in the Alps. The larva 

 is greyish brown, with an indistinct paler dorsal 

 line and a black wavy line. It feeds on Poly- 

 gonum till July. 



G. festiva, W. \'. The Ingrailed Clay. 

 Fore wings brown, but rather variable, gene- 

 rally yellowish brown, with nearly black spots 

 round the stigmata. The orbicular stigma 

 is paler than the ground colour. The tip 

 of the claviform stigma forms a dark spot, 

 and there is a dark central area. The suffused 

 band tapers gradually in front. Hind wings 

 yellowish or brownish grey, with a darker 

 lunule and a lighter indistinct curved line. 

 The thorax is covered with long hair, but is 

 not tufted. The antennae are imiformly ciliated 

 in the male, with stronger bristles at the 

 front of each segment. It is common in 

 Central Europe in May and June. The larva 

 is light or dark yellowish brown, with black 

 wavy lines, three fine whitish interrupted 

 dorsal lines, which are connected on the twelfth 

 segment by a yellow transverse line, and with 

 two black dots between them on each seg- 

 ment, as well as a black oblique streak, edged 

 below with yellow. The head is yellow, with 

 a blackish hook-like spot, and the belly is 

 flesii-coloured. It lives on primrose, etc., in 



