BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



9-1 



April and May. The pupa is shining reddish 

 brown. 



G. dahlii, Hiibn. The Barred Chestnut. 

 Fore wings reddish violet, varied with rusty 

 yellow, one or other colour predominating. 

 The nervures and transverse lines are not 

 prominent. The stigmata are sulphur-j-ellow, 

 and in place of the claviform stigma is a small 

 black spot. The submarginal line is narrowly 

 edged with rusty red near the base. The 

 hind wings are fulvous. The antennae in the 

 male have a projection on the front of each 

 joint, bearing a strong bristle. The moth is 

 found in Central Europe in June and July. 

 The larva is brownish red, suffused with brown 

 and yellowish, with yellow dark -bordered 

 dorsal lines. The head is light brown. It lives 

 on grass, plantain, etc., till May or June. The 

 pupa is dark brown. 



G. brunnea, W. V. The Purple Clay. 

 Fore wings fiery reddish brown, with a violet 

 tinge. The half and anterior transverse 

 lines are not spotted with black. The orbi- 

 cular stigma is open on the outer side, and 

 the reniform is yellowish. The hind wings 

 are bright brown, with reddish violet fringes. 

 The thorax is reddish brown, and not crested. 

 The moth is widely distributed and common 

 in Central and Northern Europe in June and 

 July. The larva is brightly coloured when 

 young, but afterwards becomes greyish brown, 

 with three whitish dorsal lines, having black- 

 oblique streaks and dots between them. At the 

 back of the twelfth segment is a thick white 

 transverse streak. There are some small blackish 

 spots intersected with fine white lines on the 

 incisions, and whitish lateral lines above the 

 legs, which are onl}? distinct on the anterior 

 segments, being reduced to clusters of white 

 .spots on the others. The head is dark brown, 

 with two white streaks. It lives on bilberry 

 and other low plants till May. The pupa is 

 rusty brown. 



G. sigma, W. V. Fore wings liver-coloured ; 

 hind margins as far as the posterior transverse 

 line, the three transverse lines, and the very 

 incomplete submarginal line pale yellow. The 

 latter has a few small black sagittate spots 

 on the inner side. The two stigmata are 

 sharply surrounded with black, and are con- 

 nected by black streaks. The claviform is 



likewise black. The fringes have pale dots 

 on the nervures. The thorax is liver-coloured 

 and crested, and the head and collar are pale 

 yellow. The moth appears in June and July, 

 and is widel}' distributed in Central Europe, 

 but is somewhat rare. The larva is reddish 

 brown, with yellow dorsal and lateral lines 

 and transverse incisions, as well as yellowish 

 spots. The head is dark brown. It feeds on 

 low plants, especially Atriplc.x, till the beginning 

 of May. It may also be found resting on 

 hazel bushes and Cornus at night. 



G. c-nigrum, Linn. The Setaceous Hebrew 

 Character. Fore wings violet -brown, with 

 both transverse lines and the submarginal line 

 somewhat lighter, the inner margin of the latter 

 and the marginal line being finely rusty red. 

 The orbicular stigma forms a whitish triangle, in- 

 distinct towards the costa ; the reniform stigma is 

 reddish flesh-colour towards the base ; and the 

 claviform may be either distinct or ill-defined. 

 Hind wings whitish, and brownish towards the 

 hind margins, especially in front. The thorax 

 has a double whitish crest in front and behind. 

 The moth is widely distributed and common 

 in Central Europe in August and September. 

 The larva is brownish grey, with black wedge- 

 shaped longitudinal streaks on the back, which 

 are indistinct in front and edged with yellow 

 on the outer side. There is a yellowish lateral 

 line below the white spiracles, which is bordered 

 with darker above. It lives in April and May 

 on low plants. 



G. rhomboidea, Esp. The Square-spotted 

 Clay. Fore wings brownish red, shot with 

 violet, the half line marked with two and 

 the anterior transverse line with three black 

 spots. The stigmata are slightly edged with 

 yellowish, the orbicular being closed on the 

 lower side. The submarginal line is darker to- 

 wards the base, and describes two lai^e curves 

 towards the hind margin. The hind wings are 

 brownish grey, with brownish yellow fringes. 

 The thorax in brownish red and crested. The 

 moth appears in June and July, and is found 

 in Central Europe, but is not common. In 

 England it is confined to the Southern 

 Counties. The larva resembles that of baja, 

 but is larger, stouter behind, with a darker 

 ground colour. The spots are thicker and 

 more distinct, as is also the orange lateral 



