94 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



A. augur, Fabr. The Double Dart. Fore 

 wings greyish brown, with a sHght coppery 

 lustre. Both transverse lines are zigzag and 

 black, on the opposing sides narrowly edged 

 with paler. There is no central shade. Both stig- 

 mata are edged with black, and the posterior is 

 especially broad on the outer side. The orbicular 

 stigma has a dark centre, and the claviform 

 is scarcely visible. The submarginal line is 

 darker towards the base, and indistinct. The 

 hind wings are somewhat paler, with a central 

 lunule. The head and the thorax, which is 

 not crested, are brownish grey, and the ab- 

 domen is paler. The moth is common in 

 Central and Northern Europe in July. The 

 larva is brown, with black dots, ringed with 

 yellow, and a yellow lateral line; edged with 

 black above. On the back of each segment 

 are two faint oblique brown streaks, yellowish 

 externally, the last pair being connected on 

 the twelfth segment. It lives on low plants, 

 especially dandelion, till Spring. 



A. simulans, Hufn. The Dotted Rustic. 

 Fore wings shining brownish yellow, with 

 brown markings, some of which are indistinct. 

 The half line and the anterior transverse line 

 are distinctly double, and the space between 

 them is lighter than the ground colour. The 

 posterior line is confused, and there is a row 

 of dark dots behind it. The stigmata are 

 centred with grey, and there is a dark quadri- 

 lateral space between them. The marginal 

 line is interrupted towards the base, and bor- 

 dered with dark sagittate spots. Hind wings 

 dark grey, with white fringes. The abdomen 

 is depressed, and the antennae are simply cili- 

 ated in the males. It appears in June and 

 July, and is widely distributed in Central 

 Europe. The caterpillar is dull brownish grey, 

 and feeds on the roots of grasses in April. 



A. latens, Hiibn. Fore wings brownish 

 grej', with black markings. The two transverse 

 lines are irregularly double, and the posterior 

 is so deeply dentated towards the hind mar- 

 gin that the points appear like rows of separate 

 dots. The central area is darkest between the 

 stigmata, which are indistinct. The submarginal 

 line is fairly distinct, with black sagittate spots 

 on the inner side. The hind wings are whitish, 

 yellowish grey towards the costa and hind 

 margins, with whitish fringes. The moth in- 



habits Central Europe in June and July, but 

 is scarce. It is found flying about species 

 of Cncuhalus (carnation). The larva is yellowish 

 brown, with three light dorsal lines, and black 

 streaks above the legs. The head is yellowish 

 brown, with two dark streaks. It feeds on 

 Hieracium and other low plants in April and 

 May. 



A. cos, Hiibn. Fore wings brownish grey, 

 with indistinct double transverse lines, which 

 are slightly dentated. The posterior line con- 

 sists of two curves in cell ib. Hind wings 

 paler, with no curved line on the under side. 

 It is a rare Alpine species, which appears in 

 August. 



A. vallesiaca, Boisd. Fore wings greyish 

 brown, tinged with reddish, darker in the 

 central area, with simple thick black trans- 

 verse lines, the hindermost of which is den- 

 tated, and forms only one curve in cell ib. The 

 submarginal line is light, and forms a distinct 

 W. It is found in the Valais in August. 



A. senna, Hiibn. Fore wings iron-grey, 

 with a black basal band and double dentated 

 transverse lines, with ligiit interspaces, the 

 posterior consisting of onh' one curve in cell 

 lb., and with white dots on the nervures. There 

 is no claviform stigma, and the orbicular and 

 reniform stigmata are placed in a black pyra- 

 mid. It is found in the Valais in August. 



A. ravida, \V. V. The Stout Dart. Fore 

 wings very broad, brownish grey, with a silky 

 lustre. The transverse lines, stigmata, and sub- 

 marginal line are lighter. The stigmata are edged 

 with black, and there is sometimes a black spot 

 between them ; occasionally also the claviform 

 stigma is present. The marginal line con- 

 sists of dark lunules, and the fringes are darker 

 towards the base. Hind wings dirty white, 

 merging somewhat into brown towards the 

 hind margins. The collar is the darkest part 

 of the thorax. The abdomen is flattened, and 

 the antenna' are almost setiforni. The moth 

 is common in Central and Northern Europe 

 in May and June. The caterpillar is light 

 grej'ish brown, with two lighter dorsal lines, 

 edged with black, darker oblique streaks on 

 the side of the back, and a white lateral line. 

 The spiracles are ringed with black. It feeds 

 on low plants in Spring, ami burrows deep in 

 the ground to assume the chrysalis state. 



