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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERELIES AKD MOTHS. 



There are three pale transverse lines and a sub- 

 marginal line, which is sharply dentated. They 

 are all bordered with black. Hind wings 

 dingy brown at the base, with a broad darker 

 marginal band. It is found in the mountains 

 of Central and South -Western Europe, as well 

 as in Ireland about the beginning of June. The 

 larva feeds on S'dcne inflata. 



D. irregularis, Ilufn. The Viper's Bugloss. 

 Fore wings pale yellow, with rust}' 3'ellow and 

 brown markings, and a double half line. 

 The transverse lines are sharply dentated, and 

 their contiguous sides are dark brown. The 

 species is readily recognised by the simple 

 marginal line. The palest parts are the base, 

 the inner margin, the space around the orbi- 

 cular stigma, and the submarginal line. The 

 transverse stripes are double, the posterior in 

 cell lb forming a large curve filled up with 

 lighter. The two stigmata are not surrounded 

 by darker, and the claviform is wanting. The 

 submarginal line has a sharp W, is broadly 

 bordered with darker, and has ill-defined 

 sagittate spots on the inner side. The fringes 

 are broadh' intersected with lighter. Hind 

 wings yellowish grey, with a dark curved line 

 and almost uniform fringes. The abdomen is 

 yellowish white. It is found in most parts 

 of Central Europe, but is scarce and local in 

 sandy places, and it appears to have only 

 been taken once in Britain. The caterpillar 

 is yellowish grey, with a white belly, a row 

 of brown dots on the back, a broader brownish 

 gre\- line on the sides above the spiracles, and 

 oblique streaks dotted with brown. It lives 

 in July and August on the seeds of Gypsophila 

 paniculata and Silene oiites. 



Genus Episema, Ochs. 



Antennae deeply pectinated to the tips in the 

 male, setiform in the female. The thorax, the 

 front, and the short unarmed legs are densely 

 woolly. The abdomen is covered with de- 

 pressed scales, and is slender in the male, 

 obtuse at the end, very stout in the female. 

 Wings short, with broad fringes ; fore wings 

 somewhat pointed, with convex hind margins; 

 the posterior rounded. They are inactive 

 moths, which fly but little even at night, 

 coming out only late at night and sitting on 

 the grass with their wings erect. 



E. scoriacea, Esp. Fore wings reddish 

 grey. The dark large stigmata are surrounded 

 with lighter. Both transverse lines are pale 

 and yellowish. T.he abdomen is light yellow. 

 The male has long pectinated antennse. It is 

 found in South-Central Europe in September. 

 The larva is green, with a broad white lateral 

 stripe and three white lines on the back. It 

 lives on Autliericum liligo and A. ramosum in 

 April and May. 



Genus Aporophyla, Guen. 



Antennas long and setiform in the male, 

 pectinated in the female, or with pyramidal 

 teeth, as in nigra. The front is smoothly hairy. 

 The palpi project upwards. The pectus and legs 

 are covered with woolly hair. The larvae live 

 on low plants and assume the pupa state in 

 the ground. 



A. lutulenta, \\\ \'. The Deep Brown 

 Dart. Fore wings dark greyish brown. Both 

 transverse lines are broad, sharply defined, 

 and slightl)' paler on the opposite sides. The 

 claviform and orbicular stigmata are indistinct, 

 the reniform with two white dots and a grey 

 lunule on the inner side. The broad pale 

 submarginal line is composed of triangles, and 

 darkly bordered towards the base. The fringes 

 are margined with yellowish. The hind wings 

 of the male are white, brownish towards the 

 hind margin ; those of the female are grevish 

 brown, with a darker curved line and mar- 

 ginal band. The head and thorax are dark 

 brown. The antennse of the male are deeply 

 pectinated. The moth is found from August 

 to October in Central Europe, but is local. It 

 is, however, abundant in Devonshire, and is 

 found in some of the other Southern counties 

 of England and in Ireland. The larva is 

 green, with two interrupted narrow or broad 

 rose-coloured dorsal stripes. It feeds in May 

 and June on StcUaria and other low plants. 



A. nigra. Haw. The Black Rustic. Fore 

 wings black, with a rusty red lustre in the basal 

 and marginal areas as far as the submarginal 

 line. The transverse lines and the orbicular and 

 claviform stigmata are black, and the reniform 

 yellow, with a metallic lustre. The fringes are 

 banded with yellowish brown through the 

 middle. The hind wings are whitish, with a 

 brown marginal line in the male; greyish 



