BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD .\rnTHS. 



streak towards the base in cell 7 and towards 

 the hind margin in cell 3. There are small 

 dark triangles in front of the grey fringes, 

 which are narrowly white on the nervures. 

 The hind wings are ashy grey, with a large 

 dark lunule, dark spots near the anal angle, 

 a faint curved line across the middle, and a 

 dark marginal line. The head, thorax, and 

 abdomen are ashy grey. The moth is found 

 in Central Europe in August and September. 

 The larva is brown, darker on the first three 

 segments, with white hairy spots, a pale 

 curved line above the legs, and two humps 

 on the last segments. 



M. oxyacanthae, Linn. The Green- 

 brindled Crescent. PI. XXV. fig. S. is widely 

 distributed and common in Central Europe, 

 appearing in September and October. A 

 var. capucina, Mill, with brown fore wings, 

 is occasionallv met with in England. The 

 larva is very variable. It ma}' be white and 

 brown or black and brown, with a lighter 

 dorsal line, oblique blackish streaks on the 

 sides, hairy warts, blackish red spots on the 

 bellj', and two pairs of humps on the last 

 segment. It feeds on whitethorn, sloe, and 

 fruit trees in May and June. The pupa is 

 stout, brownish yellow, with a dense cocoon. 



Genus Valeria, Germ. 



This Genus is closely allied to the two last, 

 but is distinguished from both by the BO^I- 

 BYX-like coarse woolly hair on the back, pectus, 

 front, palpi, and legs. The larvae are slender, 

 with scattered hairy warts and two obtuse 

 points on the last two segments. They live 

 on sloe, etc., hiding during the day. 



V. oleagina, W. V. The Green-brindled 

 Dot. Fore wings bright metallic olive-brown, 

 varied with deep moss-green on the nervures 

 and in the marginal area, with the transverse 

 lines slightly indicated in black, the posterior 

 being very strongly curved. There is a black 

 central shade, a round orbicular stigma, nar- 

 rowly edged with white, a nearly oval shining 

 white reniform stigma, and an indistinct black 

 submarginal line, in places white, which forms on 

 the inner half of the wings large white curves. 

 The fringes are strongly curved, with black 

 lunules in front of them. The hind wings 

 are whitish, with a dark .dotted curved line, 



and a dark marginal line, with a darker band 

 between. There are lighter dots on the 

 nervures, and the fringes are dark. The head 

 and thorax are thickly woolly. The abdomen 

 is ashy grey, with black tufts. The antennae 

 are strongly serrated in the male, slightly in 

 the female. It is found in Central Europe 

 and has been taken a few times in Wales. 

 The larva is brown, with black warts, each 

 with a whitish hair. There is an interrupted 

 black dorsal line, an orange collar, a black 

 spot on the fourth and fifth segments, white 

 beneath, and two pairs of obtuse humps on 

 the last two segments. The head is flattened, 

 dark blue, with yellowish hairs. It lives in 

 May and June on sloe. The pupa is brownish 

 yellow and stout, and is enclosed in a cocoon 

 of leaves, earth, and silk. 



V, jaspidea, Vill. Resembles the last 

 species, but is distinguished as follows : — The 

 reniform stigma is more quadrangular, white, 

 with a brownish centre, which is intersected 

 by a white longitudinal band. The hind 

 wings are reddish white, with broad dark 

 hind margins. The antennae are dentated in 

 the male, filiform in the female. The moth 

 is local in France and Thuringia, appearing 

 in March and April. The larva is brown, with 

 small black warts on each segment, each set 

 with fine black hair. The head is dark brown, 

 with a reddish collar. It feeds on sloe in 

 !May and June. 



Genus Apamea, Treit. 



Antennae slightl)' ciliated in the males, 

 setiform in the females. The palpi project 

 straight forward to a slight extent, and only 

 a little beyond the front. The thorax is den- 

 sely woolly, arched, and quadrilateral, with 

 slight indications of a front and hind tuft. 

 The abdomen is not tufted, and is somewhat 

 slender in the male, stout in the female. The 

 fore wings are slightly broader externally, 

 and the hind wings rounded, with broad slightly 

 waved fringes. The larvae are stout and cy- 

 lindrical, and live on grass. 



A. testacea, W. V. The Flounced Rustic. 

 Fore wings yellowish grey, with somewhat 

 lighter markings. The two transverse lines 

 are darklv margined on the opposed sides. 

 The three stigmata, of which the claviform is 



