BRITISH AXn EUROPEA.V BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



are white dots in cell 4 and near the costa, 

 and the subniarginal Hne is indistinctly zigzag. 

 It occurs in tlie neighbourhood of Hanover in 

 June, but is scarce. The larva resembles 

 that of rurca and feeds on grasses. 



H. adusta, Esp. The Dark Brocade. 

 Fore wings brown, varied with rusty or cop- 

 pery brown. The claviforni stigma and its 

 streak are prominent, especially in the lighter 

 specimens. Tlie streak from the middle of 

 the base is often indistinct. The reniform 

 stigma has some pale spots on the basal side, 

 or more frequently dentated. The nervures 

 in the suffused band have generally a light 

 dot. The hind wings are whitish, suffused 

 with yellowish brown, especially towards the 

 base, and with a darker curved line at least 

 in the male. The moth is widely distributed 

 in Europe in May. The larva is dirty green 

 or brownish, with oblique greenish streaks, 

 often so closely placed as to form a stripe 

 above the legs. The head is brown. It feeds 

 on heath, golden rod, ragwort (Scnecio), etc., 

 and hibernates in the larval state in a web. 



H. ochroleuca, W. V. The Dusky Sallow, 

 has pale yellow fore wings varied with brown 

 and white, with a white half line, spotted 

 with brown. The two transverse lines are 

 white through the middle, and merge into one 

 another in cell ib. The orbicular stigma is 

 indistinct on a dark ground, and the reniform 

 is more distinct, whitish with a brownish 

 centre. The submarginal line is white, there is 

 a dark longitudinal streak in cell 4, passing 

 through the brown suffused band and brown 

 lunules between the nervures, in front of the 

 white and brown chequered fringes. The hind 

 wings are yellowish brown, darker towards 

 the base with a lighter curved line and brown 

 blotches here and there on the white fringes. 

 The head and thorax are pale yellow, and the 

 abdomen yellowish white with dark-pointed 

 tufts of hair on the back of the anterior seg- 

 ments. The antennas are light brown with 

 the pyramidal serrations pubescent. The moth 

 is widely distributed in Central Europe, but 

 is local. It is on the wing in July and August, 

 and is fond of sitting on the flowers of thistles. 

 The caterpillar is slender, yellowish green in 

 colour, with a few yellow dots and hairs, and 

 a lateral stripe composed of dark brown dots 



divided by a yellow longitudinal line. The 

 head is light brown. It feeds on rye and wheat, 

 especially on the ears in May and June. The 

 pupa is small and dark brown. 



H. platinea, Treit. Fore wings light 

 ash}' grey, with a bluish-grey shine; almost 

 uniform. The markings are very indefinite 

 yet distinguishable. The place of the orbi- 

 cular and reniform stigmata and the space 

 between the transverse lines is lighter. The 

 submarginal line is rather darkly shaded on 

 the basal side, especially in front. The mar- 

 ginal line is dotted with black and the fringes 

 have a fine double band. The hind wings are 

 brownish grey, lighter towards the base, with 

 a brown interrupted marginal line, a few 

 light spots in front of it, and pale yellowish 

 fringes. This is a rare species, found in South 

 Eastern Germany, Ratisbon, and near Vienna. 

 The larva is said to live on Hippor/epis comosa. 



H. exulis, Lef. The Northern Arches, 

 is very variable. Fore wings dark reddish 

 brown, almost black, with the lines and stig- 

 mata paler, the posterior half of the reniform 

 stigma being conspicuously pale. There is a 

 row of whitish dots beyond the marginal line. 

 Hind wings grey, with reddish ochreous fringes. 

 It is found in Iceland and occasionally in 

 Scotland in July. 



H. gemmea, Treit. Fore wings olive- 

 brown varied with violet, especially on the 

 nervures and towards the hind margins, with 

 the costa black, spotted with white as far as 

 the reniform stigma. There is a white double 

 half line edged with black, an anterior trans- 

 verse line, heavily bordered with black on the 

 outer side, and a posterior transverse line of 

 black crescent-shaped spots, suffused with 

 white towards the inner margin. The central 

 shade is black and deeply dentated, and the 

 obtuse claviform stigma is surrounded with 

 black. The two other stigmata are snow-white 

 with a dark centre. The submarginal line 

 is violet, edged with black sagittate markings 

 on the basal side, and there are similar spots 

 near the curved, black marginal line; the 

 fringes are narrowly intersected with white 

 on the nervures. The hind wings are light 

 grey, with the dots, crescents and broad 

 marginal bands darker. There is a black 

 marginal line, with a few light spots in front 



