ii6 



DRITlSir AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



of it, and wliitc fringes. The head and collar 

 are whitish with black transverse lines, the 

 rest of the thorax being olive-brown slightly 

 varied with black and white. The abdomen 

 is light grey, darker on the back. It is found 

 in some parts of Northern Europe and the 

 Alps in August, but is scarce. The mature 

 larva is bright bluish or greenish grey, with 

 small black warts, each bearing a single short 

 light-coloured hair. Of these, those on the 

 fourth and fifth segments form a curve. It 

 feeds on Alopecunts. When quite young the 

 little caterpillars make tubular passages of 

 grass-stems and dung. 



H. rubirena, Treit. Fore wings blackish 

 brown, all three transverse lines and the submar- 

 ginal line, as well as the central area, suffused 

 with reddish. The reniform stigma is yellow, 

 reddish towards the base like the orbicular. 

 The fringes are black, intersected with red on 

 the nervures. The hind wings are dark grey. 

 The head and thorax are black with a reddish 

 tuft. The abdomen is blackish brown, with 

 dark tufts of hair. It is found in July and 

 August in the mountains of South Central 

 Europe. The variety hercyniae, Staud. is 

 smaller, with l)lack fore wings slightly varied 

 with reddish, and a white submarginal line. 

 It is found in the Harz and in Wiirtemberg. 



H. furva, W. \'. The Confused Moth. 

 Fore wings walnut-brown, marbled with grey 

 and white, with indistinct markings. The two 

 transverse lines are reddish brown, irregularly 

 bordered with black on both sides. The 

 orbicular and claviform stigmata are dark and 

 are edged with black. The reniform is white 

 centred with brown, especially near the tips 

 of the wings. The yellowish zigzag submar- 

 ginal line is composed of large dark spots, 

 suffused with lighter towards the hind margins. 

 The nervures are dotted with white. The 

 marginal line is black, and there are black 

 triangles between the nervures. The fringes 

 are pale banded with darker, and are slightly 

 intersected with yellowish on the nervures. 

 The hind wings are brownish grey, darker 

 towards the hind margins, with a light blotch 

 near the anal angle, a central lunule, darker 

 hind margins and yellowish fringes. The an- 

 tenna; are slightly serrated in the male. On 

 the under side of all the wings is a double 



curved line. It is local in Central Europe in 

 July and August. The larva is violet-brown 

 with small black warts. The head, cervical 

 and anal plates are dark brown. It lives on 

 grasses in June. 



H. abjecta, Hiibn. The Crescent-striped 

 Moth. Fore wings greyish brown, the central 

 area being darkest and the suffused band 

 lightest. The markings are indefinite, but the 

 reniform stigma has a whitish shine towards 

 the hind margin, and the fine light submarginal 

 line, as well as the white dots on the nervures 

 in the marginal area, are the most distinct. 

 The marginal line is pale with black lunules. 

 The fringes are pale streaked with darker. 

 The hind wings are brownish grey, lighter 

 towards the base, with yellowish white fringes. 

 The head and thorax are dark grey marbled 

 with yellow. It is widely distributed in Cen- 

 tral Europe in July, but is somewhat rare and 

 local. The larva feeds on the roots of grasses 

 in May and June. 



H. lateritia, Hufn. Fore wings yellowish 

 or brownish red, generally with indistinct 

 markings. The two transverse lines are deeply 

 zigzag, and bordered with blackish, the pos- 

 terior with whitish dots in the dark tips. 

 The reniform stigma is white posteriorly, and 

 darker at the inner angle. The submarginal 

 line is spotted with lighter and is darker on 

 the basal side. The marginal line is slightly 

 spotted with black between the nervures. 

 The fringes are light, chequered with darker. 

 The hind wings are yellowish grey, darker to- 

 wards the hind margins and on the nervures, 

 with a central lunule and marginal line. It 

 is common in most parts of Central and 

 Northern Europe in July and August. The 

 larva is thick and cylindrical, dark greyish 

 brown with a lighter head, and the cervical 

 plate, which is rounded posteriorly, and the 

 anal fold brighter. It has three pale lines on 

 the back, with several black dots on each 

 segment, which are very numerous on the first 

 three segments. The spiracles are brownish. 

 It feeds at the roots of grasses in May, hiding 

 under stones during the daytime. 



H. monoglypha, Hufn. The Dark Arches. 

 PI. XX\'. fig. g. is very common and wideh' 

 distributed in Europe in Jul\- and August. 

 Tlie larva is bright iirownish grey, stout and 



