]i8 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



walnut-brown varied with darker and lighter, 

 with a dark blotch at the base of the inner 

 margin and at the hinder angle in cells ib, 4 

 and 5, beyond the submarginal line; or brown- 

 ish grey, light grey near the inner margin, 

 and reddish brown on the three dark spaces 

 mentioned, and between the stigmata. The 

 marginal line is composed of dark crescents. 

 The fringes are pale at the base and on the 

 nervures and are strongly undulating. The 

 hind wings have the nervures and central 

 lunule greyish brown, darker towards the hind 

 margins, with yellowish white fringes, incom- 

 pletely banded with darker in the middle. 

 The head and thorax are light brown, and the 

 abdomen greyish brown witli a few dark dorsal 

 tufts. The variety alopecurus, Esp. has 

 .dark reddish brown or blackish-brown fore 

 wings, on which only the two yellowish-bordered 

 stigmata are recognisable. The moth is com- 

 mon in Northern and Central Europe in June 

 and July. The larva is smooth, shining 

 brownish red, with a brown dorsal stripe bi- 

 sected by a clear white line, a brownish lateral 

 stripe, edged above with reddish, a pale reddish 

 one above the legs, and two pairs of pale 

 shining warts on the dorsum of each segment. 

 The spiracles are white edged with black, and 

 the head and thorax shining dark brown. It 

 hibernates and feeds in Spring on grasses. 



H. scolopacina, Esp. The Slender Clouded 

 Brindle. Fore wings brownish yellow, darkest 

 on the costa as far as the reniform stigma 

 and towards the hind margins. Both trans- 

 verse lines are fine and black, especially the 

 posterior, which is deeply dentated. There 

 is a small black longitudinal spot on the inner 

 margin near the base, and the central shade 

 is especialh' distinct in front. The orbicular 

 stigma is small, and indicated by a small 

 white spot, and the reniform is white. Tlie 

 submarginal line is suffused with rusty red for 

 its whole length on the basal side, darker 

 towards the hind margins, here and there 

 intersected by the still darker nervures. The 

 fringes are darkest in their basal half, finely 

 yellow at their base and intersected by yellow 

 nervines. The hind wings are brownish grey 

 with a faint central lunule, an interrujittd 

 darker marginal line and yellow fringes, wliitish 

 in the anterior half. The thorax is l)rownish 



yellow, and the abdomen has several dark 

 dorsal tufts. The moth is found in Central 

 Europe in July and August, but is not common. 

 Tlie larva is slaty-grey with three white dorsal 

 and two pale yellow lateral lines. The belly 

 is dirtv vellow, and the head brownish yellow 

 with darker markings. It feeds on grasses in 

 !Mav and June. 



H. hepatica, Hiibn. The Clouded Brindle. 

 Fore wings yellowish brown with dark brown 

 markings. The two transverse lines are double 

 but incomplete ; from the middle of the base 

 and on the inner margin is a short thick black 

 longitudinal mark. The claviform and elong- 

 ated orbicular stigma are edged with black, 

 the reniform is only bordered on the inner 

 side by a black vertical streak. At the hinder 

 angle is a dark blotch divided by the yellow- 

 ish marginal line, which is darkly spotted on 

 both sides on nervure 5. The dark fringes 

 are spotted with yellow at their base and on 

 the ends of the nervures. The hind wings 

 are yellowish brown, darker towards the hind 

 margins, with a central lunule, a faint pale 

 curved line and a few yellowish spots in front 

 of the marginal line. The fringes are yellow- 

 ish, banded with darker through the middle. 

 The head and thorax are yellowish brown 

 with black-margined tegulae and collar. The 

 abdomen is yellowish brown, with a few dark 

 dorsal tufts. It is found in Central Eurojie 

 in June and July. The larva is dark brown, 

 witJi light reddish sides. It li\es in August 

 and September in the rolled -up leaves of 

 Braclivpodiuin silvaticunt. 



H. gemina, Iliibn. The Dusky Brocade 

 is very variable. In the type, the ground 

 colour is light yellowish brown or reddish 

 brown, with the suffused band and the inner 

 margin of the central area as far as the cla\ i- 

 form stigma, lighter. The variety remissa, 

 Treit. is brighter coloured and browner, witli 

 black streaks from the base and tip of th<.' 

 claviform stigma. The moth is common in 

 Central Europe from May to July. The larva 

 jiibernates and lives in Spring on the young 

 shoots of various grasses. 



H. unanimus, Hiibn. The Small Clouded 

 ISrindle. is very like the last species, but is 

 iHstinguished by the sharp white edge of the 

 reniform stigma on the outer side; and the 



