BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



^^ith strong dark tufts of hair. It is found in 

 June and July in Central and Northern Europe 

 except Belgium and the Netherlands. The larva 

 is yellowish brown, with a dark dorsal stripe 

 bisected by a pale line, and a less distinct 

 lateral line. On each segment there are dark 

 oblique lines. The spiracles are white, and 

 there are two yellow spots on the sides of 

 the last segment but one. The head is dark 

 brown. It lives on bramble, bilberry, Loniccra, 

 etc., in the Summer and Autumn. 



Genus Rhizogramma, Led. 



Antennas setiform, with short bushy cilia 

 in the males. Thorax quadrate, with smooth 

 sessile hair and a divided anterior and posterior 

 crest. The collar is very broad, excavated, 

 sharply ridged in the middle and forming a 

 long projecting point which extends almost 

 to the antennas. The legs are covered with 

 fine smooth hair. Tke terminal segment is 

 excavated beneath and is produced into a 

 sharp angle on the upper side. The only 

 species is: — 



R. detersa, Esp. Fore wings light or 

 dark ashy grey varied with brownish. The 

 transverse lines are slightly developed, with 

 a long black streak extending from the middle 

 to the elongated orbicular stigma. This and 

 the reniform stigma are indistinct and are 

 connected towards the inner margin of the 

 wings by a black line which is broader behind. 

 Near the hinder angle is a dark dash, and 

 from this several other fine dark streaks extend 

 obliquely to the apex. The fringes are whit- 

 ish at the base and at the ends of the ner- 

 vures; otherwise they are chequered with light 

 and dark brownish gre}'. The hind wings are 

 whitish and are varied with brownish grey 

 towards the hind margins and on the nervures. 

 The head and thorax are ash)' gre}', with dark 

 margins to the collar and tegulae. The ab- 

 domen is whitish. The moth is found in 

 Central Europe in June and Jul)-. The larva 

 is clay-coloured, streaked with darker, with a 

 light dorsal line, several interrupted lines on 

 the sides and a dark brown stripe above the 

 legs. The spiracles are black, and the head 

 is shining brown and heart-shaped. It feeds 

 on barberry till May, and can be obtained by 

 beating at night. The pupa is reddish brown. 



and is formed in a clay cell, rather deep below 

 the surface of the ground. 



Genus Cloantha, Boisd. 



Rather small moths, brightly coloured, with 

 the lines obsolete, but with dark longitudinal 

 streaks, especially in the marginal area. There 

 is a dark transverse tuft between the short, 

 evenly ciliated antennae, and the collar is 

 transversel}' banded. The thorax is crested 

 in front and behind, and there are tufts of 

 hair on the back of the anterior segments of 

 the abdomen. The hind wings are without 

 markings. The palpi are obliquely raised. 

 These moths fly in the day-time about flowers. 

 The larvae are stout, and live in the Summer 

 on Hypericum. 



C. hyperici, W. V. Fore wings brown 

 and grey, darkest between the stigmata, in 

 the inner half of the basal area, and in the 

 marginal area. The usual lines are obsolete, 

 but there are two gre}' stigmata surrounded 

 with black and centred with brown, a black 

 claviform stigma with a longitudinal streak 

 from it to the base, and an irregular row of 

 short longitudinal streaks in front of the fringes, 

 which are chequered with lighter and darker. 

 The hind wings are ashy grey, lighter towards 

 the base, with the fringes white on the anterior 

 half. The head and thorax are like the fore 

 wings; the collar and tegulas are edged with 

 darker. The abdomen is ashy grey, with thick 

 tufts of hair on the sides. It is found in 

 Southern and South-Central Europe in May 

 and in the Autumn, but is local. The cater- 

 pillar is violet-brown with blackish, interrupted 

 markings and a yellow lateral stripe. It feeds 

 on Hypericum in August and September. 



C. polyodon, Clerck. The Purple Cloud. 

 Fore wings curved towards the apex, which 

 is sharpl)' pointed, and with deeply dentated 

 hind margins. It is walnut-brown, espe- 

 cially on nervures 3, 4, 7, and 8, varied con- 

 siderably with bone-colour and rosy red. A 

 lighter streak runs from the middle of the 

 base to near the reniform stigma, and the apex 

 is also lighter. The reniform stigma is large, 

 bone-coloured, concentrically ringed with light 

 brown. The orbicular and claviform stigmata 

 are wanting. On the nervures mentioned 

 above there are sharp light -coloured zigzags 



