126 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



Genus Gortyna, Ochs. 



Like tlie last Genus,, but with a horny 

 wedge-shaped projection on the front, which 

 is hidden under the hair. The anal fold is as 

 in Helotropha, but shorter, and without a trans- 

 verse s]iine. The only species is: — 



G. flavago, W. V. The Frosted Orange. 

 PI. XX\'I. fig. 6. This is common and widely 

 distributed throughout Central Europe in 

 August and September. The larva is dirty 

 white with punctiform black warts, a brown 

 head and cervical plate, and a black anal 

 plate. It lives in May and June in the stalks 

 of thistle, burdock, foxglove, and other plants. 



fa:\iily 

 LEUCANIU.'E. 



Hair not so coarse and bristly as in the 

 HadenidiT but fine and woolI_v, either smooth or 

 with a small sharp tuft behind the collar. 

 The abdomen is not tufted. The eyes are 

 either naked or hair}-. The colour is usually 

 grey or brown like dry reeds, with dull mark- 

 ings. The transverse lines and the stigmata 

 are either absent or only slightly developed. 

 Instead of the outer transverse line there is 

 often a curved row of dark spots on the ner- 

 vures, and on the lower median nervure there 

 are often dark particles, massed into dull 

 longitudinal streaks. The hind wings are white 

 or dirty 3'ellow without markings, or with the 

 usual central spot and curved stripe. The 

 larvae, almost without exception, live in the 

 stems and roots of plants. 



Genus Nonagria, Ochs. 



Middle-sized and small moths, light straw- 

 coloured or brownish red, without the pattern 

 usual in the NOCTU^, but with the ner- 

 vures conspicuous on account of their thick- 

 ness and colour. Nervures 7 and 8 are close 

 together, or rise together from the tip of the 

 long appendicular cell. Nervure g rises from 

 8, 10 from the tip of the appendicular cell, 

 and 1 1 from the discoidal cell. The hmd 

 wings are without markings. Nervures 3 and 

 4, 6 and 7 rise from a single point, the last 

 by a long stalk. 5 is more slender than the 

 rest. 8 springs from the base, and is con- 

 nected with the costal ner\ure of the discoidal 



cell. The head has a horny horizontal pro- 

 jection on the front, which is hidden under 

 the scales and which distinguishes this Genus 

 from Leiunnia. The proboscis is stout, and the 

 third joint of the palpi is horizontal. The 

 thorax is covered with long hair, and is some- 

 times slightly ridged. The abdomen, which 

 is not tufted, is very long, with a divergent 

 tuft in the males, and with a convergent tuft 

 in the females. The larvse are long, slender and 

 pale or transparent. They live in the roots 

 of water plants, in which they also pass into 

 the pupa. 



N. nexa, Hiibn. Fore wings short, rusty- 

 red, darkest in the central area, with two 

 faint light transverse lines, a white circumflex - 

 shaped reniform stigma, centred with blackish, 

 sometimes a white orbicular stigma, a sub- 

 marginal line composed of blackish dots, ner- 

 vures dusted with black in the marginal area 

 and a dark brown marginal line. The hind 

 wings are grey with a darker curved line, 

 dark brown marginal line, and reddish fringes. 

 The head and thorax are rusty red and the 

 abdomen is grey. The antennas are most 

 strongly pectinated in the male. It is found 

 in the North of France and Germany, and in 

 Sweden, but is local. The larva is long and 

 slender, transparent, bluish green, with three 

 very indistinct darker longitudinal lines and 

 somewhat yellowish incisions. It lives in the 

 stems of Glyceria spcctahilis, etc. 



N. cannae, Ochs. The Reed Wainscot. 

 Fore wings broad with sinuated hind margins 

 and pointed apices; brownish yellow or dark 

 reddish brown, with a darker median nervure, 

 two dark dots in place of the anterior 

 transverse line, a complete row of dots in 

 place of the posterior, and a darker marginal 

 line. The hind wmgs are reddish grey in 

 the male, yellowish in the female, with 

 the basal half dark antl sharply bounded by 

 a curved line. Tlie head and thorax are like 

 the fore wings, and the abdomen is ashy gre\', 

 with a reddish tinge in the female. It is widely 

 distributed in Central Europe, appearing in 

 August. The larva is yellowish or greenish 

 with black -edged spiracles and small dark 

 warts. It lives in June and July in the stems 

 of Typha latifoUa, Iris, and ether plants growing 

 in damp places. 



