BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



P. napi, Linn. The Green-veined White. 

 PI. II. fig. 4. Female 4a. Under side 4b. is 

 common in Spring and Summer in fields and 

 woods. A darlv variety called bryoniae, Ochs. 

 occurs in the Alps. The veins of this are 

 dusted with grey on the upper side, and the 

 whole surface is sometimes grey. The cater- 

 pillar is very like that of rapa, but is darker, 

 and has the spiracles marked with red. Like 

 the other species it feeds on cruciferous plants. 



P. daplidice, Linn. The Bath White. 

 PI. II. fig. 5. Female 5a. Under side 5b. is 

 readily distinguished from the other species 

 by the green markings on the under side of 

 the hind wings. The female is more heavily 

 marked on the fore wings, and has in addition 

 some black spots on the hind wings, which are 

 wanting in the male. It is found in August 

 and September in waste places. The variety 

 bellidice, Ochs., is the Spring brood, and is 

 smaller. The caterpillar is greyish green, with 

 yellowish longitudinal lines on the back and 

 sides. It is found in June, and again in the 

 Autumn, feeding on Cruciferid and Resedacca. 



P. callidice, Esp. resembles daplidice, but 

 has the fore wings more pointed, the spot at 

 the end of the discoidal cell narrower, and 

 the white marks on the under side of the hind 

 wings more elongated. The female has, on 

 the upper side, a broad blackish border with 

 elongated white marks. It is found in July 

 on the higher Alps, and its swift flight makes 

 it a rather difficult insect to catch. 



Genus Euchloe, Hubn. 



These butterflies have short antennae with 

 flattened ovoid clubs. The pupje are arched 

 and boat-shaped, and are attached like those 

 oiPieris. The caterpillars also feed on Crucifei'it. 



E. cardamines, Linn. The Orange Tip. 

 PI. III. fig. I. Under side la. Female ib. 

 This pretty insect is found in Spring, in 

 meadows and grass-lands. It is widely distri- 

 buted over Europe, and is generally common 

 in the British Isles. When at rest it sits 

 with the wings closed and the fore wings drawn 

 down, so that the orange spot is quite con- 

 cealed, and when resting in this position on 

 an umbelliferous flower it can hardly be distin- 

 guished from the plant. The caterpillar is 

 green, finely speckled with black, and has 



a whitish lateral stripe. It feeds on various 

 Criicifcra, especially Cardamiiie pratensis and 

 Turritis glabra. 



Genus Leucophasia, Steph. 



Delicate butterflies with narrow wings, 

 which are white and rounded, with the tips 

 of the fore wings blackish. The antennae are 

 rather short, and furnished with a flattened 

 oval club. 



L. sinapis, Linn. The Wood White. 

 PI. III. fig. 2. Female 2a. has two broods, 

 appearing in April or May and in August. It 

 is common throughout Europe in open woods. 

 In Britain it is widely distributed, but is ex- 

 tremely local. The variety lathyri, Hiibn. 

 has the hind wings greenish instead of white. 

 Another variety erysimi, Bork. has no dusky 

 tips to the fore wings. Both these varieties 

 occur in Britain. The larva is green, with a 

 darker stripe on the back and a yellow one 

 on each side. It is found in June and in 

 Autunm on various leguminous plants, such 

 as Vicia cracca, Lotus corniculatiis, Lathyrns 

 pratensis, etc. The pupa is pointed in front, 

 and is of a yellowish green or grey colour, with 

 reddish brown sides. 



Genus Colias, Fabr. 



Yellow butterflies of moderate size, with 

 black borders intersected with yellow spots. 

 The fore wings have a black discoidal spot, 

 and the hind wings a larger yellowish one. On 

 the under side this is pearly, surrounded by a 

 dark ring, and often with another spot just in 

 front of it, forming a figure 8. 



C. palaeno, Linn. PI. III. fig. 3. The 

 male is represented on our plate. The female 

 is greenish white, and has the black border 

 less sharply defined on the inner side than 

 the male. It occurs in June over peat-bogs, 

 and has a very swift flight. It is found in 

 Central and Northern Europe. The larva is 

 dark green, bordered with black, and appears 

 in May on Vaccinium uliginosum. 



C. phicomone, Esp. PI. III. fig. 4. has 

 the wings greenish yellow. The female is 

 almost white, with the nervures dusted with 

 black. The under side of the hind wings has 

 a large whitish central spot, sometimes double, 

 and surrounded by a reddish ring ; on the 



