BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



with black, a double reddish lateral line, and 

 yellow spines. It feeds in April and May on 

 violets. 



A. amathusia, Esp. is found in July in 

 the mountain pastures and woods on the Alps 

 and in some parts of Germany. The hind 

 wings are cinnamon-brown beneath, varied in 

 the marginal half with yellow. The median 

 band is irregularly zigzag, and bounded by 

 a dark line externally. On the hind margin 

 is a row of large black angular marks, boun- 

 ded with yellow triangles externally, and be- 

 tween these and the central band is a row of 

 round black spots. The larva is blackish, 

 with black dorsal and lateral stripes and yel- 

 low spines, which are longest on the anterior 

 segments. It feeds in May on Pulygonum and 

 violets. 



A. thore, Hiibn. is a scarce and local 

 species, occurring in the mountain meadows 

 of the Alps of Switzerland and Bavaria in 

 June and July. It is distinguished by the 

 extent of the black markings on the upper 

 surface. The hind wings are yellowish brown 

 beneath, varied with rusty red on the margi- 

 nal half, and with a light 5-ellow central band. 

 Between this and the hind margin is an 

 incomplete light bluish grey line, and on the 

 margin itself spots of the same colour. 



A. daphne, W. \\ is a Southern species 

 found in the elevated woods of Switzerland 

 and the Tyrol in June and July. The hind 

 wings are yellow, greenish at the base, and 

 the central band is yellow. Outside this the 

 wings are purplish red, with a row of black 

 spots, a yellow dorsal stripe, yellow lateral 

 lines, and dark yellow spines. It feeds on 

 Rtibus idaits and on violets. 



A. ino, Esp. is a good deal smaller than 

 the last species, but very like it. The dark 

 marks near the hind margins run into the 

 marginal spots. The central band on the 

 under side of the hind wings is edged with 

 brown, and the space between this and the 

 margin is purplish, dusted with brown, with 

 a row of distinct pale-centred spots. The 

 butterfly is common in July on peat bogs and 

 damp meadows in most parts of Europe ex- 

 cept Britain. The caterpillar is grey with a 

 brown head, lateral and dorsal stripes, and 



sulphur-yellow spines. It feeds in May and 

 June on Sanguisovba and Spiraa. 



A. lathonia, Linn. Queen of Spain Fri- 

 tillary. PI. IX. fig. 6. Under side 6 a. This 

 common Continental species is very rare in 

 England, occurring principally on the South 

 coast. It is recorded to have been once 

 caught at Killarney. The butterfly frequents 

 sunny meadows, lanes and gardens, open 

 woods, etc. It is double-brooded, and is 

 found from ]\Iay to September. The larva is 

 brownish grey, with a white dorsal stripe, and 

 two brownish yellow lateral lines. The spines 

 and legs are yellow, and the head brown. It 

 feeds singly on Viola arvensis tricolor and on 

 Cynoglossum. The pupa is golden-brown, marked 

 with grey, with a row of metallic spots on the 

 back. Var. valdensis, Esp. is very rare, and is 

 distinguished by the silver spots on the under 

 side being confluent. It has been taken in 

 Britain. 



A. aglaia, Linn. PI. IX. fig. 7. Female 7a. 

 is fairly common all over Central Europe, 

 especially frequenting open woods and heathy 

 places. It appears in July and August, and 

 is fond of sitting on flowering thistles. The 

 larva is black with two pale yellow stripes on 

 the back, and reddish brown spots on the 

 sides. It feeds in May and June on dog vio- 

 lets (Viola canina.) The pupa is dark brown. 

 \'ar. charlotta, Haw. is distinguished by 

 the larger size of the spots on the under side. 

 It is confined to Britain. 



A. niobe, Linn, is found throughout Eu- 

 rope, and has been reputed British, but on 

 doubtful authority. The upper side is very 

 like that of the last species, but the female 

 is somewhat duller-coloured. On the under 

 side the hind wings are light yellowish with 

 a slight tinge of green, varied with brown, 

 with large pale yellow or silvery spots at the 

 base, and two rows of similar spots between 

 the middle of the wings and the hind margins, 

 together with a row of smaller brown spots 

 with silvery centres. The nervures of the 

 fore wings are not thickened in the male, as 

 in adippc. The female has a small white 

 spot at the tip of the fore wings. The cater- 

 pillar is brownish, with a black dorsal stripe 

 edged with white, and a black lateral stripe, 

 and between these a row of white spots. The 



