BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTITS. 



129 



wings are particularly small, ashy grey, lighter 

 towards the base and on the fringes. The 

 abdomen is long, grey, and suffused with red- 

 dish. It is the smallest of the Genus. It is 

 found in damp meadows in Central Europe 

 in July and August. The variety fluxa, Treit. 

 is paler, being reddish or greyish straw-coloured. 

 The larva lives in June in the lower parts of 

 the stems of Poa aqtmtka, and species of Carex. 



T. hellmanni, Eversm. The Mere Wain- 

 scot. Fore wings light yellowish grey, pointed, 

 with a whitish spot in the centre, and a dark 

 macular submarginal line. The variety saturata, 

 Staud. is darker, with the fore wings often quite 

 red. It is found in Central Europe in August, 

 but is somewhat local. In England it has 

 been taken in the fens of Cambridgeshire. 

 The larva is fusiform, white, reddish above, 

 with a yellowish brown head and yellowish 

 cervical and anal plates. It lives in the stems 

 of Calamagrostis epigeios, in June. 



T. extrema, Hcibn. The Concolorous 

 Moth. Fore wings dirty white, somewhat 

 darker in the central area in the male, without 

 any markings, or at most only one or two 

 small dots in place of the posterior transverse 

 line, and one on the hind margin, which may 

 be somewhat brownish. The hind wings are 

 white, brownish towards the hind margin. 

 The head and thorax are like the fore 

 wings, whilst the abdomen is almost white. 

 It appears in July, and is widely distributed 

 in Central Europe, but is rare and local. It 

 has been taken in the fens of Cambridgeshire. 



T. bondii, Knaggs. Bond's Wainscot, 

 closely resembles the last species but is distin- 

 guished by the colour, which is always lighter 

 on the fore wings and darker on the hind 

 wings. It has been found in the Woolwich 

 ^Marshes and near Folkestone in June and July. 

 It has also been taken in Greece. 



T. elymi, Treit. The Lyme Grass Wain- 

 scot. Fore wings with the hind margin pro- 

 jecting on nervure 3, pale ochre-yellow, with 

 the rkervures dusted with darker and a row of 

 black dots beyond the middle. The hind 

 wings are white with a yellowish tinge. The 

 abdomen is very slender. It is a scarce spe- 

 cies found on the coasts of the North Sea 

 and the Baltic. In England it occurs in the 

 fens of Norfolk. It appears in June and July, 



and frequents sandy places. The larva is 

 stout, whitish, with a pale red back and a 

 light brown head. It lives in the stalks of 

 Elymus arenarius, from August to May. 



Genus Calamia, Hubn. 



This Genus resembles the last, but the 

 head is not contracted. The fringes are of 

 the usual length, and the fore wings have 

 sharper and more prominent apices. The 

 species resemble Lcucania, but have naked eyes. 

 The antennae of the males have long cilia in 

 hitosa and short uniform cilia in phragmitidis. 

 The larvae Hve in the stalks of reeds. 



C. lutosa, Hi'ibn. The Large Wainscot, 

 is the largest of the Genus. The fore wings 

 are very long and pointed with sinuated 

 hind margins, pale wainscot-brown, sometimes 

 reddish, heavily dusted with black, with a 

 light streak between each pair of nervures, 

 a strongly curved row of dots on the nervures 

 in place of the posterior transverse line, and 

 sometimes three at the base as well as a 

 row of marginal black dots. The hind wings 

 are somewhat lighter, with a distinct row of 

 dots through the middle. The antennas are 

 thick in the male, and very strongly ciliated. 

 It is found in Central and Eastern Europe 

 in Septeiiiber and October. It has been taken 

 in many places in England. The caterpillar 

 is flesh-coloured, tinged with brown, with a 

 row of crescent-shaped brown booklets on the 

 outside of the prolegs, and a brown head, 

 cervical and anal plates. It lives till July in 

 the stalks and roots of reeds, avoiding those 

 which grow in the water. It passes into the 

 pupa either in the stalk or in the ground. 



C. phragmitidis, Hubn. The Fen Wains- 

 cot. Fore wings broad and short, arched at 

 the hind margins, pale greenish yellow, palest 

 at the base and on the nervures. The hind 

 margins are rusty reddish and the fringes 

 darkest, without any markings. The hind wings 

 are white, dusted with brownish, . especially 

 towards the hind margins, and with light 

 yellow fringes. The thorax is covered with 

 long hair. It is scarce and very local in 

 Central Europe, appearing in July. The larva 

 is slender, dirty white, with a row of violet- 

 brown spots on the back, brown warts, and 

 a brown head, neck, and anal plate. It feeds 



