BRITISH AKD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



verse line, dark streaks between the nervures 

 and black dots in front of the light and dark 

 striped fringes. The hind wii'.gs are dirty 

 white, greyish brown on the nervures and 

 towards the hind margins, with scattered spots 

 in front of the fringes. The head and thorax 

 are like the fore wings and the abdomen like 

 the hind wings. It is common in Central 

 Europe in June and September. The larva 

 is transparent greyish yellow, with a dark 

 dorsal line and cervical and anal plates and 

 black dots around the large spiracles. It feeds 

 in the summer on the leaves of the reed {A nmdo 

 pJiragmiles) and conceals itself during the day 

 in the hollow stems, which it fills with green 

 excrement. 



L. straminea, Treit. The Southern Wain- 

 scot. Fore wings reddish ochre-yellow, lightest 

 in front, without transverse lines. The ner- 

 vures are whitish bordered with rusty red and 

 with a streak of the same colour between 

 them. There are small black dots surrounded 

 with white at the division of the thick median 

 nervure, some similar spots in the position of 

 the posterior transverse line and a row in front 

 of the fringes, which are banded with rusty 

 red. The hind wings are wliite, dusted with 

 grevish brown, except on the costa, and are 

 marked with black dots across the middle. 

 The head and thorax are like the fore wings, 

 the collar with tw-o dark grey transverse lines 

 with a lighter one between, and the abdomen 

 is white with a dark anal tuft. It is common 

 in Central Europe in July. The larva is at 

 first yellow with a bluish grey dorsal line, 

 but becomes olive-coloured afterwards. It 

 hibernates in the stem of the reed and feeds 

 on it till May. 



L. scirpi, Dup. Fore wings straw-coloured, 

 suffused with yellowish or reddish. Hind 

 wings white or somewhat darker. It is found 

 in Southern Europe in May. The caterpillar 

 is flesh-coloured with a dark dorsal line. It 

 feeds on grass. 



L. brevilinea, Fenn. Fenn's Leucania. 

 The male only is known. The fore wings are 

 brownish ochreous, with numerous scattered 

 brown scales, a well-defined short black dash 

 from the middle of the base and a curved 

 row of small black dots from the costa to the 

 inner margin beyond the middle. The hind 



wings are grey, paler towards the base, with 

 an indistinct transverse row of black dots 

 rather beyond the middle. It has been taken 

 in Norfolk, flying over Typha latifolia in August. 



L. comma, Linn. The Shoulder-striped 

 Wainscot. Fore wings yellowish grey, whitish 

 on the costa, without transverse lines and 

 with whitish nervures, especially the median 

 nervure. Between the nervures are several 

 black dashes, the most conspicuous of which 

 runs from the base in cell ib. The hind wings 

 are greyish brown, lighter towards the base, 

 with yellowish fringes. It is common through- 

 out Europe in June and in September and 

 October. The larva is dark reddish brown 

 with three fine black dorsal lines and a yellow- 

 ish grey belly. It feeds on Festuca and other 

 grasses in April and July. 



L. conigera, W. V. The Brovra-line 

 Bright-eye. Fore wings bright reddish yellow, 

 with the two transverse lines dark brown and 

 uninterrupted, the anterior deeply incised, the 

 posterior fairly straight. The central area has 

 a distinct light reniform stigma, and towards 

 the inner margin a broad white orbicular 

 stigma, which is faint and may be entirely 

 wanting. The nervures in the anterior half 

 of the wings are brown, and so is the marginal 

 line, whilst the marginal area is lighter as far 

 as the indistinct submarginal line. The hind 

 wings are shining ochre-yellow, with a darker 

 curved line and a yellow marginal line. The head 

 and the crested thorax are like the fore wings, 

 and the abdomen like the hind wings. It is 

 found in June and July in Northern and 

 Central Europe and is not uncommon. The 

 larva is cinnamon-coloured, with white, red 

 and brown longitudinal stripes. The head and 

 cervical plate are light brown, the former with 

 two black lines. It feeds on grass, strawberry, 

 etc., till May. 



L. evidens, Hiibn. Fore wings cinnamon- 

 brown, with a dark half line, and the transverse 

 and submarginal lines formed of dark cres- 

 cents. The orbicular stigma is darkly nucleated, 

 and the reniform is only dark below on account 

 of the central shade. The nervures are dark 

 and so are the suffused band and marginal 

 line, whilst the fringes are rust-coloured. The 

 hind wings are yellowish brown dusted with 

 grey, darker on the hind margins, with yellow- 



