BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



and have the nervures dusted with lighter. 

 The fringes are dark brown, chequered with 

 white. Most of the species are Arctic, and 

 only one is found in the Alps. 



CE. aello, Hiibn. is greyish brown, with a 

 broad ochre-yellow submarginal band, a black 

 eye-spot with a white centre near the apex, 

 and one or two similar spots lower down. 

 The hind wings have an eye-spot near the 

 anal angle, and often one or two others above 

 it. The fringes are dark brown and white. 

 On the under side the fore wings are as above, 

 but lighter; the hind wings are dark brown, 

 speckled with white towards the base, with a 

 whitish submarginal band and white nervures. 

 It occurs in July in the Alps of Switzerland 

 and the Tyrol at a considerable elevation. 



Genus Satyrus, Latr. 



Middle-sized and large butterflies, with 

 wings varying from dark to light fulvous, 

 having a white, brown, or fulvous submarginal 

 band, which may be indistinct or completely 

 wanting. There is a round spot near the 

 apex of the fore wings, usually centred with 

 white, and generally one near the anal angle 

 of the hind wings. The under side of the 

 fore wings is somewhat lighter than the upper, 

 and that of the hind wings is marbled with 

 grey. The fringes are sometimes chequered 

 and sometimes unspotted. The hind margins 

 of the fore wings are rounded, often waved 

 and slightly dentated ; in the hind wings they 

 are more distinctly dentated. The costal 

 and median nervures are dilated towards the 

 base. The antennae are long and clubbed. 

 The larvae are smooth and stout, tapering 

 towards the ends, and have light or dark 

 longitudinal stripes. They conceal themselves 

 during the day, and come out at night to feed 

 on various grasses. They hibernate and 

 assume the pupa state in a cavity in the 

 ground or under stones. The butterflies are 

 found in the Summer, usually in hot dry places, 

 where they love to bask on tree-stems or on 

 the ground. 



S. hermione, Linn, has the wings dark 

 brown above, with dentated hind margins. In 

 the male there is a brownish grey submarginal 

 band on the fore wings, near the apex of 

 which is a large black spot with a wjiite 



centre, and there is another between the second 

 and third median nervules. The hind wings 

 have a white submarginal band, and between 

 this and the hind margin is a small black 

 ring with a white centre, placed between the 

 second and third median nervures. The female 

 is larger than the male, and has the submar- 

 ginal band of the fore wings yellowish white, 

 and there is a row of black lunules on the hind 

 wings outside the white submarginal band. 

 The under side of the fore wings is dark 

 brown with a yellowish band, and with the 

 apical eye-spot as on the upper side. The 

 hind wings are greyish, marbled with black 

 and dark brown, with a white submarginal 

 band bounded internally with a black zigzag 

 line; between this and the base there is another 

 similar zigzag line. The eye-spots are as 

 above. The butterfly is found in rocky woods 

 in Switzerland, Southern Germany, and Central 

 and Southern France. It appears in July and 

 August. The larva is reddish grey, with light 

 grey dorsal and lateral stripes. The head is 

 yellow, streaked with black. It may be found, 

 after hibernation, in May, feeding on Helens 

 lanatiis and other grasses. 



S. alcyone, Schiff". somewhat resembles 

 hermione, but is smaller, and the female differs 

 only from the male in that the markings 

 are more distinct. The submarginal band is 

 more distinct in the male than in hermione, 

 and is whitish in colour, with two eye-spots; 

 the hind wings have a similar band, and 

 sometimes an indistinct spot near the anal 

 angle. The under side of the wings is very 

 like hermione, but the white submarginal band 

 is more distinct, and suffused with brown 

 along its hind margin. The basal half of the 

 wings is dark brown. This butterfly is found 

 in Central and Southern Europe, and has a 

 much wider range than the last species. It 

 appears in July and August, and is particularly 

 fond of pine woods. 



S. circe, Fabr. PI. XI. fig. 6. is one of 

 the largest European butterflies. It is fairly 

 common in woods in Central and Southern 

 Europe, appearing in Jul)- and August. The 

 under side is brown, mottled with grey, and 

 crossed by a whitish band, as on the upper 

 surface. On the fore wings between the band 

 and the base are two white spots, with a blade 



