BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



21 



one between them, and in a line with tliese 

 on the hind wings is a narrow wliite band, 

 passing from the costa half across the wdng. 

 The caterpillar is smooth and green, with 

 a black dorsal stripe edged with white, fol- 

 lowed by lines of light grey, dark brown, and 

 ochre-vellow, the last above the legs, and 

 containing tlie black spiracles. The head is 

 white, with six dark brown dashes, and there 

 are two small projections at the anal extremity. 

 It feeds on Bromiis, Loliinn, Anthoxanthum, and 

 other grasses in May and June. 



S. briseis, Linn, is smaller than the last 

 species. The wings are greyish brown, with 

 dentated margins ; the fore wings with the 

 costa yellowish white; and a submarginal row 

 of six yellowish white spots, in the first and 

 fourth of which is a large black eye-spot, 

 usuall}' centred with white, and in the third 

 sometimes a small black dot. The hind 

 wings have an unspotted central wiiite band. 

 On the under side the fore wings are greyish 

 brown, with a broad submarginal band, and 

 the same spots as above, and half-way be- 

 tween the band and the base is a large black 

 spot. The hind wings are yellowish grey, 

 mottled with dark brown, with an indistinct 

 lighter central band, bounded externally by a 

 brown zigzag line. The butterfly is found in 

 Central and Southern Europe, and appears in 

 Jul}' and August, frequenting rocky hill-sides 

 and heaths. It is fond of sitting on stones, 

 from which it can scarcely be distinguished. 

 The larva is 3-ellowish gre}% with a double 

 dark line on the back and a light grey lateral 

 stripe. It feeds in Autumn and Spring on 

 various grasses, especially on Sesleria cceruka. 

 The pupa is greyish brown, rounded in front 

 and pointed behind. It is formed in a hollow 

 in the ground. 



S. semele, Linn. The Grayling. PI. XI. 

 fig. 7. Female 7 a. is common in July and 

 August on the edges of woods and in rocky 

 or heathy uncultivated places. It is fond of 

 sitting on the trunks of trees, when it resembles 

 the bark. The caterpillar is light brown, with 

 a black interrupted dorsal stripe and brown 

 lateral stripes edged with white. There are 

 six black stieaks on the head. It feeds on 

 grasses in Autumn and Spring. This butterfly 

 occurs throughout Europe. It varies somewhat 



in the intensity of its colouring in different 

 localities. 



S. arethusa, Esp. is dark brown, with a 

 submarginal row of orange-tawny spots, divided 

 by brown lines. The fore wings have a large 

 round black spot near the apex, and another 

 spot near the hinder angle in the female ; there 

 is sometimes a small spot near the anal angle 

 of the hind wings. The female is paler in 

 colour than the male. The under side of the 

 fore wings is tawny, with the apex and hind 

 margin dark grey, and the spots as above, 

 except that they have white centres. The 

 hind wings are grey, mottled with dark brown, 

 with a lighter central band, bounded by dark 

 brown zigzag lines. It appears in July, and 

 is found in the South of German}- and France 

 and in Switzerland, in grassy places. 



S. statilinus, Hufn. is blackish brown, 

 with an indistinct submarginal band slightly 

 lighter than the ground colour, containing in 

 the fore wings two round black spots, with 

 tw'o small white dots between them, and in 

 the hind wings a small black dot near the 

 anal angle, and several white ones, forming a 

 row above it. The hind wings are deeply 

 dentated. The under side of the fore w-ings is 

 greyish brown, with a yellowish band bounded 

 internally by a white streak and a black line. 

 The hind wings are light brow"nish grey, dusted 

 with dark brown. The central white band, 

 which is somewhat indistinct, is bounded inter- 

 nally by a zigzag line, and between this and 

 the base is another similar line. The spots 

 are the same as on the upper surface. The 

 butterfl}' is found on rocky mountain sides in 

 Central Europe, but not in Britain. 



S. dryas, Scop. Female PI. XI. fig. 8. 

 Larva Sa. This butterfly is found in Central 

 Europe, but not in Britain, and appears in 

 July and August. It is especially abundant 

 in boggy places and in rocky woods. We have 

 figured the caterpillar, which feeds in May on 

 A vena dafior. 



S. cordula, Fabr. is common in July in 

 rocky places in Southern Tyrol and in the 

 Alps of the Valais. The male is like that of 

 dvyas, but with smaller spots. The female is 

 lighter than the male, and has large ochre- 

 yellow rings surrounding the spots on the 

 fore wings, and a faint yellowish band on the 



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