1.58 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



abdomen short and the wings strong. The 

 anal fold varies in form, but is usually pro- 

 duced into a point. The fore wings are narrow, 

 slightly broader externally, with a straight 

 costa, somewhat prominent slightly obtuse 

 apex, oblique hind margin and rounded hinder 

 angle. The hind wings are comparatively 

 small and narrow, much longer than broad, 

 with a strongly rounded anal angle and obtuse 

 projecting apex. The costa is consequently 

 one third longer than the inner margin. The 

 fringes of all the wings are broad and entire. 

 These moths remain hidden under foliage 

 during the day, generally near the ground. 

 Most of the species may be found on sallow- 

 blossom in Spring. The larvae are smooth 

 and cylindrical, and live chiefly on forest trees, 

 pupating in the groimd. 



T. gothica, Linn. The Hebrew Character. 

 Fore wings light or dark brown with the half 

 line and the two transverse lines yellowish, 

 edged with black lines or spots. The trans- 

 verse lines run from black spots on the costa. 

 The two stigmata are edged with yellow, and 

 between them is a black spot half enclosing 

 the orbicular stigma on the inner side, with 

 a black streak behind the light space of the 

 rcniform stigma. The yellow submarginal line 

 is finely bordered and dentated on the inner 

 side. The marginal line is yellow with small 

 black dots. The hind wings are reddish 

 ashy-grey with the fringes lighter. The head 

 and thorax are brown marbled with grey. The 

 abdomen is ashy grej- with a reddish tinge, 

 and there is a divided reddish anal tuft in the 

 male. The antennae are light brown, whitish at 

 the base, and are pectinated, and ciliated in 

 the male. It is common throughout Europe in 

 April and May. The larva is yellowish green 

 with small yellow dots, of which two on the 

 b?ck of each segment are more conspicuous 

 than the rest. There are three yellow dorsal 

 lines, the median line being the broadest, a 

 white lateral line and white spiracles ringed 

 with dark brown, of which only the first and 

 last lie above it. It lives on oak, honey- 

 suckle and various other plants. 



T. miniosa, \\". \'. The Blossom Under- 

 wing. Fore wings grey or ochre-3'ellow, tinged 

 with red, with the two transverse lines lighter, 

 edged with darker on the inner side. The 



stigmata have dark centres and are ringed 

 with yellow, and the central area is also dark. 

 The submarginal line is yellowish, spotted on 

 the inner side, and darkly bordered, and there 

 are dark dots on the hind margin. The hind 

 wings are white with a darker curved line, 

 a dark lunule and a still darker marginal 

 line. The abdomen is grey suffused with red- 

 dish. It is widely distributed through Central 

 Europe, appearing in the early Spring, but is 

 not common. The larva is blue on the back 

 with a yellow longitudinal line and with two 

 black spots on each segment bordered with 

 yellow. The sides are black with yellow and 

 black lateral stripes, spotted with white on 

 each segment. The head is whitish with large 

 black spots. It lives on oak, birch and poplar 

 in June. The larva is enclosed in a firm 

 earthy cocoon. 



T. pulverulenta, Esp. The Small Quaker. 

 Fore wings reddish brown or reddish grey, 

 very indistinctly marked, only the dark yellow- 

 edged reniform stigma being distinct. The 

 posterior transverse line is indicated by a row 

 of black dots and the submarginal line by small 

 yellowish spots. In front of the long fringes 

 there are also some small black dots. The 

 hind wings are yellowish ashy grej' with lighter 

 fringes. The head and thorax are like the 

 fore wings and the abdomen like the hind 

 wings, It is common in Central and Southern 

 Europe in April and May, especiall\- in oak 

 woods. The larva is green with three \ellow- 

 ish dorsal lines, the median being the broadest, 

 and a brownish spotted lateral line containing 

 the spiracles. On the twelfth segment there 

 is a transverse stripe. It lives on oak in July 

 and August. 



T. populeti, Treit. The Lead-coloured 

 Drab. Fore wings ashy grey with a violet 

 tinge. The two transverse lines are most 

 distinct on the costa and hind margin, but 

 faint at their termination. The two stigmata 

 are somewhat darker, and are edged with 

 whitish; between them there is a reddish shade. 

 The light submarginal line, which is blotched 

 with reddish brown internally, is distinct and 

 the yellowish marginal line is spotted with red- 

 dish brown. The hind wings are reddish grey 

 with a dark, transparent lunule and light fringes. 

 The thorax is thickly hairy and the abdomen 



